Sensation and Perception

Question 1

sensation

Answer 1

basic/primitive mental state corresponding to environmental energies; experience of world

Question 2

perception

Answer 2

mental state corresponding to properties of environmental objects and events; knowledge of world

Question 3

Light is…

Answer 3

electromagnetic radiation.

Question 4

Electromagnetic spectrum is arranged from…

Answer 4

shortest to longest wavelength.

Question 5

Light intensity indicates…

Answer 5

brightness.

Question 6

Light wavelength indicates…

Answer 6

color.

Question 7

Retina consists of…

Answer 7

receptors, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells.

Question 8

receptors

Answer 8

contain rods and cones

Question 9

Filtration of light through the eyes?

Answer 9

Light enters pupil; Passes through eyeball to retina; Through ganglia/bipolars/etc; Strikes receptors

Question 10

optic nerve

Answer 10

bundle of axons of ganglion cells that leads out back of eye to brain (leaving blind spot)

Question 11

fovea

Answer 11

central depression in retina where cones are most densely packed; most acute vision

Question 12

rods

Answer 12

very sensitive; black/white (achromatic); night vision; mostly in periphery; 120,000,000

Question 13

cones

Answer 13

less sensitive; color (chromatic); daytime vision; mostly in fovea; 6,000,000

Question 14

photoreceptors

Answer 14

light-sensitive neurons in retina of eye that produce action potentials when stimulated by light

Question 15

Two types of photoreceptor cells are…

Answer 15

rods and cones.

Question 16

The three types of cone cells are sensitive to…

Answer 16

different wavelengths of light.

Question 17

Short-wavelength cone cells are most sensitive to…

Answer 17

blueish light.

Question 18

Medium-wavelength cone cells are most sensitive to…

Answer 18

greenish light.

Question 19

Long-wavelength cone cells are most sensitive to…

Answer 19

redish light.

Question 20

Cone cells send action potentials to….

Answer 20

opponent process cells.

Question 21

opponent-process theory

Answer 21

theory of color vision proposing three pairs of color antagonists: red-green, blue-yellow, and white-black. Excitation of neurons sensitive to one member of a pair automatically inhibits neurons sensitive to other member.

Question 22

Opponent processes are…

Answer 22

excitation and inhibition.

Question 23

Three types of opponent process cells in visual system are…

Answer 23

black/white, red/green, and blue/yellow.

Question 24

Trichromatic theory suggests…

Answer 24

all colors would be mixtures of blue/green/red based on response of cone types.

Question 25

The peak response of short wavelength cones is…

Answer 25

440 nm.

Question 26

The peak response of medium wavelength cones is…

Answer 26

530 nm.

Question 27

The peak response of long wavelength cones is…

Answer 27

560 nm.

Question 28

Activation of short/medium/long wavelength cones may…

Answer 28

excite or inhibit Opponent Process cells.

Question 29

Opponent process cells may be…

Answer 29

ganglion cells or cells in thalamus or cortex.

Question 30

lateral inhibition

Answer 30

feedback from neighboring receptor cells tends to inhibit each other using inhibitory interneurons connecting them

Question 31

Result of lateral inhibition is…

Answer 31

the exaggeration of contrasts (dark looks darker).

Question 32

brightness contrast

Answer 32

neighboring regions of different brightness have boundaries sharpened as their brightness/darkness difference is increased