Sensation and perception - Daniels units Flashcards
Pinna
the pinna is the part of your ear you pierce and is shaped in such a way that it helps to filter the sound into the ear canal toward the tympanic membrane
Tympanic membrane
(eardrum) works like the surface of a drum and transfers energy to the three smallest bones in the body Ossicles
ossicles
three smallest bones (malleus, incus, stapes) in the ear responsible for amplifying vibrations arriving in the eardrum and transmitting these signals to the oval window of the cochlea
Cochlea
sounds processor of the inner ear, sounds are then transferred into the neural language of the brain
Basilar membrane
tissue inside the cochlea where the hair cells are located
Transduction
The process by which external sensations are converted into neural firing in the brain
Loudness/volume of sounds corresponds to…
Amplitude of the wave
Auditory hair cells
convert sounds into neural firings
Sound Localization
is the process of determining location of a sound source often by auditory cues
Binaural cues
Auditory cues that require the process of comparison of information from both ears to determine objects location
interaural time differences
Comparisons made between the small differences in arrival time of a sounds in each ear
Place theory
The theory of audition that suggests we understands pitch because of the location of firing on the basilar membrane
Frequency theory
the theory of audition that suggests we understand pitch because of the rate of cellular firing on the basilar membrane
Chemoreceptors
Sensory cells in the nose that respond to air molecules that we interpret as smell and taste
Olfactory mucosa
The tissue that contains the chemoreceptors of the nose
olfactory receptor neurons (ORN)
Neurons that are specially responsive to odorants
Glomeruli
The glomerulus is the basic unit in the odor map of the olfactory bulb. Each odor activates a different pattern of glomeruli
Papillae
Little bumps on the surface of the tongue where tastebuds are located
Taste pore
Locations of taste sensitive cells on the tongue
Orbitofrontal cortex
Region of the brain that analyzes both taste and smell
somatosensory cortex
the location in the partial lobe where touch and motion are processed
mechanoreceptors
receptors in the skin that sense different kinds of pressure
Merkel Receptor
located close to surface of the skin and fires continuously while the skin is in contact with an object
Kinesthetic Sense
Basic understanding of where our body is in space
Vestibular sense
Also known as our sense of balance