Module 2 Research methods - Daniel

Question 1

The scientific method (in order)

Answer 1

1. Identify the problem
2. gather information
3. generate hypothesis
4. design conduct experiment
5. analyze data formulate conclusions
6. restart the process

Question 2

The scientific method (definition)

Answer 2

Common approach in which researchers methodologically answer questions

Question 3

The 4 observable research methods

Answer 3

Controlled observations, naturalistic observations, participant observations, case studies

Question 4

Define naturalistic research method

Answer 4

Research which involves observing behavior in an natural environment without any attempts to manipulate or control conditions

Question 5

Define Participants observation method

Answer 5

Method involves researcher as the researchers joins or becomes part of group under investigation

Question 6

Define case studies

Answer 6

In-depth analysis of unique circumstances or individual - more isolated research focusing on one or small group of ppl under varouis extremes

Question 7

Define the controlled observation method

Answer 7

Research method where researchers watch participants in a contained environment such as a laboratory.

Question 8

Define surveys

Answer 8

An efficient method of experimental research to collect information and gather an understanding of peoples opinions and attitudes

Question 9

Research ethics for Human Participants

Answer 9

Standards that must be followed by psychologist when carrying out research

Question 10

5 APA principles

Answer 10

1. Beneficence and non-maleficence
2. Fidelity and responsibility
3. Integrity
4. Justice
5. Respects for peoples rights and dignity

Question 11

Beneficence and non-maleficence

Answer 11

Research should strive to do good and must avoid to create experiments designed to intentionally cause harm

Question 12

Fidelity and responsibility

Answer 12

Researchers maintain the trust of willing participants over the course of experiments before during and after in addition to being honest and reliable with all data and findings

Question 13

Integrity

Answer 13

Psychologists engage in accurate, honest, and non biased practices of science and psychology

Question 14

Justice

Answer 14

Striving to establish equality in the research process ensuring those who participate in research also stand to benefit from research results/findings

Question 15

Respect for peoples rights and dignity

Answer 15

Each person is valued in research process and psychologists must take measures to respect and protect participants rights

Question 16

Correlational research methods

Answer 16

investigates relationships between variables without the researcher controlling or manipulating any of them. A correlation reflects the strength and/or direction of the relationship between two (or more) variables. The direction of a correlation can be either positive or negative. Also important to note the differences between correlation and causation

Question 17

Experimental research methods

Answer 17

With observational approaches and correlations, we can describe events and behavior and help formulate hypotheses. Experimental research allows us to understand how separate pieces of facts and information are related. Using the scientific method, we can find support for or modify an existing theory

Question 18

Independents vs dependent variables

Answer 18

The independent variable is the one the experimenter controls. The dependent variable is the variable that changes in response to the independent variable

Question 19

Validity

Answer 19

Validity refers to how accurately a method measures what it is intended to measure

Question 20

Descriptive statistics

Answer 20

methods used to summarize and describe the main features of a dataset (mean median mode)

Question 21

Inferential statistics

Answer 21

use measurements from the sample of subjects in the experiment to compare the treatment groups and make generalizations about the larger population of subjects

Question 22

Internal validity

Answer 22

the degree of confidence that the causal relationship being tested is trustworthy and not influenced by other factors or variables

Question 23

External validity

Answer 23

External validity examines whether the findings of a study can be generalized to other contexts