Module 2 Research methods - Daniel Flashcards
The scientific method (in order)
- Identify the problem
- gather information
- generate hypothesis
- design conduct experiment
- analyze data formulate conclusions
- restart the process
The scientific method (definition)
Common approach in which researchers methodologically answer questions
The 4 observable research methods
Controlled observations, naturalistic observations, participant observations, case studies
Define naturalistic research method
Research which involves observing behavior in an natural environment without any attempts to manipulate or control conditions
Define Participants observation method
Method involves researcher as the researchers joins or becomes part of group under investigation
Define case studies
In-depth analysis of unique circumstances or individual - more isolated research focusing on one or small group of ppl under varouis extremes
Define the controlled observation method
Research method where researchers watch participants in a contained environment such as a laboratory.
Define surveys
An efficient method of experimental research to collect information and gather an understanding of peoples opinions and attitudes
Research ethics for Human Participants
Standards that must be followed by psychologist when carrying out research
5 APA principles
- Beneficence and non-maleficence
- Fidelity and responsibility
- Integrity
- Justice
- Respects for peoples rights and dignity
Beneficence and non-maleficence
Research should strive to do good and must avoid to create experiments designed to intentionally cause harm
Fidelity and responsibility
Researchers maintain the trust of willing participants over the course of experiments before during and after in addition to being honest and reliable with all data and findings
Integrity
Psychologists engage in accurate, honest, and non biased practices of science and psychology
Justice
Striving to establish equality in the research process ensuring those who participate in research also stand to benefit from research results/findings
Respect for peoples rights and dignity
Each person is valued in research process and psychologists must take measures to respect and protect participants rights
Correlational research methods
investigates relationships between variables without the researcher controlling or manipulating any of them. A correlation reflects the strength and/or direction of the relationship between two (or more) variables. The direction of a correlation can be either positive or negative. Also important to note the differences between correlation and causation
Experimental research methods
With observational approaches and correlations, we can describe events and behavior and help formulate hypotheses. Experimental research allows us to understand how separate pieces of facts and information are related. Using the scientific method, we can find support for or modify an existing theory
Independents vs dependent variables
The independent variable is the one the experimenter controls. The dependent variable is the variable that changes in response to the independent variable
Validity
Validity refers to how accurately a method measures what it is intended to measure
Descriptive statistics
methods used to summarize and describe the main features of a dataset (mean median mode)
Inferential statistics
use measurements from the sample of subjects in the experiment to compare the treatment groups and make generalizations about the larger population of subjects
Internal validity
the degree of confidence that the causal relationship being tested is trustworthy and not influenced by other factors or variables
External validity
External validity examines whether the findings of a study can be generalized to other contexts
