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Psychology > Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

Sensation and Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

Sensation

A

Bringing information from outside of the body into the body and brain

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2
Q

Perception

A

selecting, organizing, and interpreting information

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3
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

the minimal amount of of energy that can produce a sensation 50% of the time

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4
Q

Difference Threshold

A

the just noticeable difference

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5
Q

Weber’s Law

A

The change in a stimulus that will be just noticeable is a constant ration of the original stimulus

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6
Q

Signal Detection Theory

A

perception of sensory stimuli involves the interaction of physical, biological, and psychological factors

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7
Q

Cornea

A

Thin layer covering the eye protecting from dust

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8
Q

Iris

A

colored portion of the eye
muscles
changes size and controls amount of light entering the eye

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9
Q

Retina

A 
coating in the back of the eye
photo receptors (rods and cones)
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10
Q

Lens

A

changes its size

behind the pupil

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11
Q

Priming

A

an implicit memory effect in which exposure to a stimulus influences a response to a later stimulus

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12
Q

Top down processing

A

Knowledge driven- what we know drives cognition

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13
Q

Bottom up processing

A

Stimulus/data driven- what we know drives cognition

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14
Q

Rods

A

responsible for vision at low light levels (scotopic vision)

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15
Q

Psychophysics

A

deals with the relationships between physical stimuli and mental phenomena.

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16
Q

Transduction

A

Transformation of one form of energy into another

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17
Q

Cones

A

type of specialized light-sensitive cell (photoreceptor) in the retina of the eye that provides color vision and sharp central vision.

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18
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

a change over time in the responsiveness of the sensory system to a constant stimulus

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19
Q

Desensitization

A

When you are exposed little by little to a stimulus in order to overcome a phobia

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20
Q

Fovea

A

The central focal point in the retina, around which the eyes cones cluster

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21
Q

Optic nerve

A

The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain

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22
Q

Feature detectors

A

Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus

23
Q

Parallel processing

A

The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously

24
Q

Psychophysics

A

The study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli such as their intensity and or psychological experience

25
Q

Young-Helmholtz (trichromatic theory)

A

The theory that the retina contains three different color receptors- one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue

26
Q

Opponent process theory

A

The theory that opposing retinal process (red-green, yellow-blue, white- black) enable color vision

27
Q

Audition

A

The sense or act of hearing

28
Q

Cochlea

A

A coiled, bony, fluid filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses

29
Q

Outer ear

A

Channels the sound waves through the auditory canal to the eardrum

30
Q

Middle ear

A

Transmits the eardrums vibrations through a piston made of three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup)

31
Q

Inner ear

A

Semicircular canals attach to the cochlea and nerves- Send info on balance

32
Q

Eustachian tube

A

Canal extending from the middle ear to the pharynx- protects middle ear

33
Q

Conductive deafness

A

Damage to the ear drum or h/a/s- sounds weak and muffled-no sound through outer or middle ear

34
Q

Sensorineural deafness

A

Damage in the cochlea or auditory nerve -reduces quality and loudness

35
Q

Volley theory

A

Groups of neurons of the auditory system respond to a sound by firing action potentials slightly out of phase with another, so that when combined, a greater frequency of sound can be encoded and sent to the brain

36
Q

Place theory

A

In hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochleas membrane is stimulated

37
Q

Gate control theory

A

We can only process from one part of our body at a time

38
Q

Phantom limb pain

A

Ongoing painful separations that seem to be coming from the part of the limb that is no longer there

39
Q

Kinesthesis

A

The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

40
Q

Vestibular sense

A

The sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance

41
Q

Selective attention

A

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

42
Q

Inattentional blindness

A

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

43
Q

Gestalt

A

An organized whole that is perceived as more than the sum of its parts

44
Q

Figure ground

A

The organization of the visual field into objects that stand out

45
Q

Constancy

A

The tendency to perceive an object you are familiar with as having a constant shape, size, etc. despite stimulus changes that occur

46
Q

Common fate

A

Objects that move together are seen as belonging together

47
Q

Motion parallax

A

The farther away an object is, the more it looks like it travels as the same speed as you

48
Q

Stroboscopic motion

A

Series of still pictures that create an illusion of movement

49
Q

Phi phenomenon

A

The appearance of movement of A stimuli turning on and off

50
Q

Binocular cues

A

Visual information taken in by 2 eyes that enable us a sense of depth perception

51
Q

Retinal disparity

A

The binocular cue for perceiving depth by comparing images from the retinas in 2 eyes

52
Q

Convergence

A

The closure an object is, the more inward our eyes need to turn in order to focus

53
Q

Perceptual set

A

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

54
Q

Cocktail party phenomenon

A

Selective attention - name in a crowd

Psychology (4 decks)

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