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Psychology > Biopsychology > Flashcards

Biopsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

responsible for control of the involuntary bodily functions (ex: breathing, heart rate)

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2
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Associated with skeletal muscle voluntary control of body movements

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3
Q

PET scan

A

-Radioactive liquid ——–measures metabolic and glucose processing

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4
Q

Axon

A

Long threadlike part of a nerve cell which impulses are conducted

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5
Q

Dendrite

A

Short branched extension of a nerve cell where impulses are received

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6
Q

Resting potential

A

The electrical potential of a neuron or other excitable so relative to its surrounding

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7
Q

Afferent neurons

A

A neuron conducting impulses in words to the brain or spinal cord

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8
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Transmit nerve impulses across a synapse

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9
Q

Nepinephrine

A

Released by the adrenal medulla and functions as a neurotransmitter

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10
Q

Ablation

A

The surgical removal of body tissue

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11
Q

Left hemisphere

A

Processes logic, calculation, language

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12
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Back of the brain controls eyesight

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13
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Regulates complex cognitive emotional and behavioral functioning

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14
Q

Aphasia

A

Loss of ability to understand or express speech -caused by brain damage

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15
Q

Vagus nerve

A

Nerve that supplies fibers to various areas

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16
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Regulates growth and development through the rate of metabolism

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17
Q

Estrogen

A

Group of hormones that promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body

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18
Q

Central nervous system

A

Complex nerve tissues that control the activities of the body-Brain and spinal cord

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19
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Accelerates the heart rate, raises blood pressure -(not normal state)

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20
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Serves to slow the heart rate, and relax muscles

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21
Q

CAT scan

A

Views abnormalities

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22
Q

MRI

A

Detailed image to easier pick out abnormal versus normal tissue

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23
Q

FMRI

A

Measures neural activity in the brain associated with blood flow

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24
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Connect the central nervous system to sensory organssuch as the eye and ear

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25
Q

Glial cells

A

Non neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition maintain homeostasis, and participate in signal transmission

26
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

A gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve

27
Q

Axon hillock

A

A special as part of the cell body of a neuron that connects to the axon

28
Q

Myelin

A

Insulated layer wrapped around the axon which could increase his speed of electrical conduction

29
Q

Synapse

A

Junction between two nerve cells in which impulses pass

30
Q

Receptor site

A

Act as little receivers that listen to the messages of the chemical messenger molecule

31
Q

Reuptake center

A

Re-absorption of a neurotransmitter and recycles molecules of previous Nero transmitters

32
Q

Action potential

A

The change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse

33
Q

All or none principle

A

the strength of a response of a nerve cell or muscle fiber is not dependent upon the strength of the stimulus.

34
Q

Refractory period

A

nerve or muscle is on responsive to further stimulation

35
Q

Efferent neurons

A

From brain/spinal cord to muscles and glands

36
Q

Agonists

A

Drugs which mimic the activity of neurotransmitters

37
Q

Antagonist

A

Drugs which block the activity of neurotransmitter

38
Q

Lesion

A

A region and an organ or tissue that has suffered damage to her injury or disease

39
Q

Plasticity

A

The brains ability to move functions for my damaged area of the brain to other on damaged areas

40
Q

Lateralization

A

How some neural functions tend to be more dominant and one hemisphere than the other

41
Q

Right hemisphere

A

Controls reading and writing- shapes personality

42
Q

Motor cortex

A

Involved in planning control and execution of voluntary movements

43
Q

Sensory cortex

A

Encompasses all the senses

44
Q

Association areas

A

A region of the cortex of the brain that connects sensory and motor areas

45
Q

Wernickes area

A

Region of the brain concerned with comprehension of language located in the cortex of the dominant Temporel lobe

46
Q

Broca’s area

A

Region of the brain concerned with the production of speech located in the cortex of the dominant frontal lobe

47
Q

Split brain

A

Having the corpus callosum severed or absent or to aluminate the main connection between the hemispheres

48
Q

Michael Gazzaniga

A

Founder of cognitive neuroscience

49
Q

Limbic system

A

A complex system of nerves and networks in the brain involving areas near the edge of the cortex concerned with

50
Q

Reticular system

A

Regulating wakefulness and sleep wake transition

51
Q

Olfactory bulb

A

Neural structure of the vertebrae or forebrain involved in the sense of smell

52
Q

Ventral tegmental area

A

Group of neurons located close to the midline on the floor of the midbrain

53
Q

Endocrine system

A

Collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism growth and development

54
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs

55
Q

Thyroxin

A

The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland -increases metabolism rate

56
Q

Endorphins

A

Any good apartments secreted within the brain and nervous system

57
Q

adrenal gland’s

A

What is hormones that help control Heart rate, blood pressure etc

58
Q

Testosterone

A

A steroid hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics- in testes

59
Q

Oxytocin

A

Hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor

60
Q

Monozygotic twins

A

Developed from one zygote which splits and forms two embryos-identical

61
Q

Dizygotic twins

A

Develop from two different eggs- fraternal

Psychology (4 decks)

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