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Biopsychology Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

responsible for control of the involuntary bodily functions (ex: breathing, heart rate)

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2
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Associated with skeletal muscle voluntary control of body movements

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3
Q

PET scan

A

-Radioactive liquid ——–measures metabolic and glucose processing

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4
Q

Axon

A

Long threadlike part of a nerve cell which impulses are conducted

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5
Q

Dendrite

A

Short branched extension of a nerve cell where impulses are received

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6
Q

Resting potential

A

The electrical potential of a neuron or other excitable so relative to its surrounding

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7
Q

Afferent neurons

A

A neuron conducting impulses in words to the brain or spinal cord

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8
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Transmit nerve impulses across a synapse

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9
Q

Nepinephrine

A

Released by the adrenal medulla and functions as a neurotransmitter

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10
Q

Ablation

A

The surgical removal of body tissue

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11
Q

Left hemisphere

A

Processes logic, calculation, language

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12
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Back of the brain controls eyesight

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13
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Regulates complex cognitive emotional and behavioral functioning

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14
Q

Aphasia

A

Loss of ability to understand or express speech -caused by brain damage

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15
Q

Vagus nerve

A

Nerve that supplies fibers to various areas

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16
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Regulates growth and development through the rate of metabolism

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17
Q

Estrogen

A

Group of hormones that promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body

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18
Q

Central nervous system

A

Complex nerve tissues that control the activities of the body-Brain and spinal cord

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19
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Accelerates the heart rate, raises blood pressure -(not normal state)

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20
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Serves to slow the heart rate, and relax muscles

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21
Q

CAT scan

A

Views abnormalities

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22
Q

MRI

A

Detailed image to easier pick out abnormal versus normal tissue

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23
Q

FMRI

A

Measures neural activity in the brain associated with blood flow

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24
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Connect the central nervous system to sensory organssuch as the eye and ear

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25
Glial cells
Non neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition maintain homeostasis, and participate in signal transmission
26
Nodes of Ranvier
A gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve
27
Axon hillock
A special as part of the cell body of a neuron that connects to the axon
28
Myelin
Insulated layer wrapped around the axon which could increase his speed of electrical conduction
29
Synapse
Junction between two nerve cells in which impulses pass
30
Receptor site
Act as little receivers that listen to the messages of the chemical messenger molecule
31
Reuptake center
Re-absorption of a neurotransmitter and recycles molecules of previous Nero transmitters
32
Action potential
The change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse
33
All or none principle
the strength of a response of a nerve cell or muscle fiber is not dependent upon the strength of the stimulus.
34
Refractory period
nerve or muscle is on responsive to further stimulation
35
Efferent neurons
From brain/spinal cord to muscles and glands
36
Agonists
Drugs which mimic the activity of neurotransmitters
37
Antagonist
Drugs which block the activity of neurotransmitter
38
Lesion
A region and an organ or tissue that has suffered damage to her injury or disease
39
Plasticity
The brains ability to move functions for my damaged area of the brain to other on damaged areas
40
Lateralization
How some neural functions tend to be more dominant and one hemisphere than the other
41
Right hemisphere
Controls reading and writing- shapes personality
42
Motor cortex
Involved in planning control and execution of voluntary movements
43
Sensory cortex
Encompasses all the senses
44
Association areas
A region of the cortex of the brain that connects sensory and motor areas
45
Wernickes area
Region of the brain concerned with comprehension of language located in the cortex of the dominant Temporel lobe
46
Broca's area
Region of the brain concerned with the production of speech located in the cortex of the dominant frontal lobe
47
Split brain
Having the corpus callosum severed or absent or to aluminate the main connection between the hemispheres
48
Michael Gazzaniga
Founder of cognitive neuroscience
49
Limbic system
A complex system of nerves and networks in the brain involving areas near the edge of the cortex concerned with
50
Reticular system
Regulating wakefulness and sleep wake transition
51
Olfactory bulb
Neural structure of the vertebrae or forebrain involved in the sense of smell
52
Ventral tegmental area
Group of neurons located close to the midline on the floor of the midbrain
53
Endocrine system
Collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism growth and development
54
Hormones
Chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs
55
Thyroxin
The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland -increases metabolism rate
56
Endorphins
Any good apartments secreted within the brain and nervous system
57
adrenal gland's
What is hormones that help control Heart rate, blood pressure etc
58
Testosterone
A steroid hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics- in testes
59
Oxytocin
Hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor
60
Monozygotic twins
Developed from one zygote which splits and forms two embryos-identical
61
Dizygotic twins
Develop from two different eggs- fraternal

Psychology (4 decks)

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