Sensation and Perception (5) Flashcards
How is sensation different to perception?
Sensation - raw sensory data the brain receives from the senses
Perception - organizing and interpreting that raw data
What are we perceiving?
Distal stimulus
proximal stimulus
What is distal stimulus?
any physical object/ event in the external world that reflects light
What is proximal stimulus?
the physical energy from a stimulus as it stimulates a sense organ/ receptor
Perpetual organization
the principles that guide how we create a coherent perceptual experience
examples of perpetual organization
fore ground distinction
proximity
similarity
closure
continuity
perpetual constancy
tendency to perceive objects as unchanging even given changes in sensory stimulation
what are the kinds of constancies?
size constancy
shape constancy
brightness constancy
color constancy
Perception of distance and depth cues
monocular cues (one eye alone)
binocular cues (need both eyes)
Types of monocular cues
interposition - one object partially covers another, perceiving it as farther away
linear perspective - viewing two parallel lines that appear to meet at a distance
aerial perspective - distant objects appear blurry and bluish
elevation - suggestive of distance because the horizon is generally higher than the foreground
texture gradient - gradual change in appearance of objects from coarse to fine
shadowing - objects that cast shadows provide depth cues to our eyes
motion parallax - objects that are closer to you appear to move faster
what are binocular cues?
cues that rely on two visual fields that partially overlap
retinal disparity
difference between views of both eyes
convergence
coming together of the eyes results in focusing and seeing one image
Location of sounds
monaural (single ear)
binaural (two ears)
What affects our perception?
Motivation
values
expectations
