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Psychology > Sensation And Perception > Flashcards

Sensation And Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

Humans can hear waves that vary from…

A

20-20,000 cycles per second

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2
Q

Loudness is determined by…

A

Amplitude (height) of sound waves

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3
Q

What is considered the threshold of hearing?

A

Zero db (ticking watch 20 feet away in quiet room)

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4
Q

How is sensitivity gauged?

A

The amount of pressure it takes to fire your neurons in that particular area

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5
Q

What are two types of frequencies and what do they mean?

A

Infrequent- dull, low sound

Frequent-

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6
Q

What two types of pitch are there?

A

Shrill and dull

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7
Q

The amount of sound waves equals…

A

The frequency and pitch

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8
Q

Conductive deafness is a…

A

Volume problem due to damage in middle ear (the area in which sound is amplified)

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9
Q

How do doctors treat conductive hearing loss?

A

Hearing aids- they provide the amplification

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10
Q

Sensorineural deafness is a…

A

Pitch/frequency problem due to damage in middle ear.

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11
Q

Sensorineural deafness means your ear has…

A

Trouble detecting sounds

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12
Q

What can cause sensorineural deafness?

A
  1. Damaged cochlear neurons

2. Damaged auditory nerve either because of disease or prolonged exposure to loud sounds

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13
Q

What are known as “artificial ears”?

A

Experimental cochlear implants. They contain microphones that sense sounds of electronic equipment that stimulates the auditory nerve directly, but if the auditory nerve is damaged, these will not work

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14
Q

What are our two chemical senses? (Sense molecules of substances)

A

Smell and taste

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15
Q

Vision and hearing…

A

Are physical energies in fe of light and sound waves that stimulate sensory receptors

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16
Q

Skin detects touch through…

A

Pressure, temperature, and pain

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17
Q

How do body senses alert us?

A

They alert us to our posture and movement

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18
Q

How are odors detected?

A

Through receptor neurons deep in each nostril…molecules of a substance in the form of a gas comes into contact with receptors

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19
Q

After the sensory neurons are activated within the nose, the info is sent to the brain via…

A

Olefactory nerve

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20
Q

Does sense of smell adapt quickly?

A

Yes

21
Q

True or false: odors cannot be masked by others

A

False

22
Q

What are the four basic qualities of taste?

A

Sweetness, sourness, saltiness, bitterness

23
Q

What affects flavor?

A

Taste, smell, appearance, temperature, texture

24
Q

When we have a loss of smell, we lose the…

A

Ability to taste or detect flavors (you perceive less flavor)

25
Q

Some people are more sensitive to sweetness than others: true or false

A

True

26
Q

Sensitivities to taste can be inherited: true or false

A

True

27
Q

Which sensory system is one of the most resilient?

A

Taste

28
Q

True or false: some nerve endings may receive more than one type of sensory input

A

True

29
Q

Where are sensory receptors located on the skin?

A

Around the roots of hair cells, which fire when skin is touched

30
Q

True or false: sense or pressure adapts quickly

A

True

31
Q

True or false: sensations of temperature are not relative

A

False

32
Q

True or false: there are receptors for warmth and receptors for cold

A

True

33
Q

Pain is….because it motivates us to do something to stop it

A

Adaptive

34
Q

The more pain receptors located in a particular area, the more…

A

Sensitive that area is

35
Q

What is the process of feeling pain?

A
  1. Originates at point of contact
  2. Sends message to spinal cord
  3. Goes to thalamus
  4. Projected to cerebral cortex
36
Q

When you feel pain, what does the cerebral cortex do?

A

Registers location and severity of pain

37
Q

What is prostaglandins?

A

A chemical that helps body transmit pain messages to brain

38
Q

Pitch depends on…

A

Frequency

39
Q

Define sensation

A

Sensory info from environment and o brain via sensory neurons

40
Q

Define perception

A

Interpretation of sensory info by brain

41
Q

Define absolute threshold

A

The minimum amount of stimuli a person can detect

42
Q

Define difference threshold

A

Point at which you can detect a difference between two very similar stimuli

43
Q

Define sensory adaptation

A

Ability for senses to adapt to ever changing environments

44
Q

Define gate theory

A

Only a certain amount of sensory info can be processed by nervous system at one time (explains why we run where it hurts)

45
Q

Why do we rub a painful area on our body?

A

Rubbing/scratching transmits sensation to brain to compete with pain messages for attention

46
Q

What is vestibular sense?

A

Tells you whether you are physically upright without having to use your eyes

47
Q

What does vestibular sense enable you to do?

A

Enables us to balance, and informs us if our bodies are changing speed

48
Q

Define kinesthesis

A

Sense that informs people about the position and motion of their bodies

49
Q

In kinesthesis, sensory info is fed to brain from…

A

Sensory organs in joints, tendons, and muscles

Psychology (6 decks)

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