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Psychology > Altered States Of Consciousness > Flashcards

Altered States Of Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Sigmund Freud’s theory on consciousness?

A

Iceberg bobs up and down depending on situations/circumstances

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2
Q

What are the parts of Sigmund’s iceberg? (In order from top to bottom)

A

Conscious- decisions, emotions, opinions
Pre- Consciousness- anything that can be pulled up to surface (memories)
Subconscious- feelings, opinions, etc. that our brain is not aware of
Non-conscious- biological operations that we are not aware of

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3
Q

What does Sigmund’s theory of the subconscious explain?

A

Explains why brain pushes uncomfortable ideas/thoughts down (anger, violent tendencies, anxieties). Also explains why we have dreams about others (something in subconscious relates to them)

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4
Q

What are some examples of biological operations? (Non-conscious)

A

Blood flowing, hair/nails growing

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5
Q

How long does it take to complete one sleep cycle?

A

90 minutes

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6
Q

How many sleep cycles do we go through a night?

A

5

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7
Q

True or false: each cycle brings us closer to REM sleep

A

True

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8
Q

In what stage does sleep talking most often occur?

A

Stage 3/4, a deep sleep

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9
Q

In the sleep experiment discussed in class, what was the result of 11 days without sleep?

A

Slurred speech, hallucinations, blackouts, memory lapses

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10
Q

What does sleep allow us to do?

A

Allows us to destress and process information

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11
Q

As a result of sleep, your immune system…

A

Strengthens

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12
Q

True or false: as you get older, the number of sleep hours decreases because the brain is done developing

A

True

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13
Q

Name 7 types of dreams people often have?

A
  1. Fear/anxiety
  2. Recurring
  3. Sexy
  4. Abstract
  5. Adrenaline (intense)
  6. Falling
  7. Real-life
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14
Q

Why do small children often fall off their beds?

A

Underdeveloped nervous system

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15
Q

What is consciousness?

A

To be aware; a construct

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16
Q

What Freuds theory on dreams?

A

Dreams reflect our true meanings and desires (no filter)

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17
Q

What are two types of symbolic content in dreams (according to Freud)?

A

Manifest content (storyline) and latent content (actual meaning)

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18
Q

True or false: dreams represent an overturned iceberg

A

True

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19
Q

Who would someone go to in order to figure out the meaning of their dreams (latent content)?

A

A trained psychoanalyst

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20
Q

According to Freud, all dreams point towards…

A

Falic (sexual) ideals

21
Q

Explain the nightly sleep cycles

A

1234321REM

1) lightest sleep
2+3) deep sleep
4) deepest

22
Q

What are the benefits of sleeping through an entire sleep cycle?

A

Improves focus, concentration, and learning (it is restorative)

23
Q

REM is…

A

Rapid eye movement; closest to being awake

24
Q

What are four types of sleep disorders?

A

1) insomnia
2) sleep apnea
3) RLS (restless leg syndrome)
4) narcolepsy (fall into REM sleep during day)

25
Q

Define a sleep disorder

A

A disturbance of normal sleep patterns

26
Q

What are four types of parasomnias?

A

1) night terror (strange behaviors in deep sleep)
2) bruxism (teeth grinding)
3) eneuresis (bed-wetting)
4) somnambulism (sleep walking)

27
Q

Insomnia

A

Difficulty falling or saying asleep

  • stress/anxiety
  • medication
  • symptom of depression
28
Q

How to fix insomnia?

A

1) routines (gives brain message that it’s time for bed)
2) tighten and release muscle groups
3) use bed ONLY for sleep

29
Q

How does biopsychology explain dreams?

A

Dreams are the firing of neurons

  • fits partial pieces in a storyline (remember, brain likes continuity!)
  • what happened most recently
30
Q

Describe two other dream theories

A

1- dreams are your nighttime janitor (cleaning/processing)

2- brain remembers everything you’ve ever experienced…we just can’t unlock it (memory theorists)

31
Q

True or false: it is easy for most people to take ideas from one consciousness to another

A

False

Ex- under influence to sober

32
Q

Define meditation

A

Methods to narrow consciousness to reduce stress by shutting out other sensory stimuli

33
Q

Name 8 techniques of meditation

A 
1- hobbies/activities
2- prayer
3- mantra (word or phrase repeated)
4- mandala (intricate artwork patterns)
5- yoga, tai chi (physical meditations rooted in religion 
6- mindfulness (focusing on moment and being aware)
7- breathing
8- guided meditation
34
Q

What is biofeedback?

A

A technique you can use to learn to control your body’s function (such as heart rate)

35
Q

Why is biofeedback used?

A

It is used to reduce pain or discomfort within the body, and to teach people how to take control of their health

36
Q

What does biofeedback help with?

A

Pain reduction, asthma, digestive issues, chemo, ADD/ADHD

37
Q

What are the cons of using biofeedback?

A

It’s time consuming, expensive, scammers, not necessarily covered by insurance

38
Q

What are the pros of biofeedback?

A

Can reduce stress and pain, enables you to take more control of your health, can lead to reduction in medication, DIY

39
Q

How is biofeedback done?

A

Electrical sensors placed on body monitor body’s physiological state (skin temperature, brain waves, muscle tension). Feedback comes in the form of light, sound, graph, or printout.

40
Q

Define hypnosis.

A

A trance-like state leading to greater focus and concentration

41
Q

True or false: daydream is a form of hypnosis

A

True

42
Q

What happens when you achieve a trance-like state?

A

Memories temporarily go away

43
Q

How do the aborigines achieve an altered state of consciousness?

A

Dance, sing, and tell stories to reach “Dreamtime”

44
Q

Mevlevi?

A

A Muslim sect in Turkey that uses dancing…“whirling dervishes”

45
Q

Hindu?

A

They believe there are two parts of human:
1. Body, mind, conscious self
2. The soul- pure empty conscious
And they use yoga, breathing, and meditation to GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THEIR SOUL

46
Q

Buddhist?

A

Meditate to achieve state of enlightenment known as Nirvana

47
Q

Inca?

A

Use the drug yage to produce a religious trance

48
Q

Huichol indans?

A

Use peyote, a stimulant extracted from the cactus plant, to begin a state of hallucination

Psychology (6 decks)

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