Sensation and Perception Flashcards
What is bottom up processing?
Sensation
What is top down processing?
Perception
What is sensation?
A mental process resulting from the immediate external stimulation of a sense organ
What is perception?
The ability to become aware of something or understand something following sensory stimulation
examples of bottom up to top down processing?
seeing - all the things that happen before the brain is bottom up, as soon as the brain is involved (forming the image, comparing the image to other stored images) it becomes top down
top down is the experience of things
What is perceptual set?
What 4 things is it made up of?
The psychological factors that determine how you see your environment
4 things
- context
- culture
- expectations
- mood and motivation
What 4 things make up perceptual set?
- context
- culture
- expectations
- mood and motivation
Bottom up processing
Don’t have time to perceive what’s going on, so respond before top down processing really kicks in
How can gestalt work?
- continuity, breaks in lines and patterns
- closure - brain fills in gaps
- common fate
- similarity
- Common region
- proximity
- symmetry
making brains work a llittle bit harder makes adverts more easy to remember
What is an illusion?
An instance of a wrong or misinterpreted perception of a sensory experience
What are hallucinations?
Experiences involving the apparent perception of something not present
What proportion of people experience hallucinations at some point in their lifetime?
1 in 20
5%
Glitch vs malfunction?
Illusion vs hallucination
What is an fMRI?
A functional MRI - tells you the function of someones brain - which areas of the brain receive the highest rates of bloodflow
Why do people experience hallucinations? [6]
Top down processing:
epilepsy
neurological
drugs
abnormal psychological states, sensory deprivation e.g. sleep deprivation
delirium
psychiatric illnesses
