Neurosnstomy Flashcards
2 parts of the nervous system
central
peripheral
major divisions of the brain?
forebrain
- telencephalon
- diencephalon
midbrain
hindbrain
- pons
- medulla - where spinal cord attaches to
define rostral
towards the nose
so the direction has a curvature
what does caudal mean?
towards the tail (or feet in our case)
difference between dorsal and ventral
dorsal - towards the back
ventral - towards the front
What makes up grey matter?
neurones and processes
What makes up white matter?
myelin sheath of axons
What are association fibres?
Fibres that remain within one hemisphere (l/r)
What are commissural fibres?
firbres the pass between hemispheres
What is the anterior commissure?
important in mri and radiology as a landmark
What is the corpus callosum?
carries the main bulk of fibres between the two hemispheres
what are projection fibres?
no idea
Where can you see white matter without cutting into the brain?
pons is one of the few areas
Where is the central sulcus?
divides the brain anteriorly and posteriorly
between frontal lobe and parietal lobe
divides the motor cortex from the somatosensory cortex
Which brain structure is highly folded?
cerebellum
What is the difference between sulci and gyri?
gyri - crests
sulci - grooves
What is a sulcus?
groove in the surface of the brain
What is a gyrus?
A crest on the surface of the brain
What is the first cranial nerve?
olfactory bulb and olfactory tract
What is the insula?
emotion, homeostasis, perception
covered by the opercula
What separates the motor cortex from the somatosensory cortex?
central sulcus
How is it decided how much of the motor cortex is dedicated to controlling the different movements of different body parts?
complexity of movement
so as much dedicated to thumb as is to the bodily trunk
difference between paritetal and temporal? (crude difference)
parietal more interested in where stuff is, temporal in what stuff is
What is the occipital lobe concerned with?
vision
stria of Gennari - first cortex synapse for vision
What are the 6 layers of the neocortex? SPLIT INTO 3 - these are not concrete rules
Different cell populations in each layer, they also run in columns
different functions - higher ones have input from other cortical areas, project to other cortical areas, input from thalamus
middle project to brainstem and spinal cord
lower down ones project to thalamus
layers and columns different distinctness and thickness across different areas of the brain
What is petenglia?
right frontal lobe sticks out a bit further forward than left
left occipital lobe sticks out backwards a bit more
due to language area assymetry
what are the outside layers of the brain?
Skin
Bone
3 meninges layers
- dura mater
- arachnoid mater with trabeculae and subarachnoid space)
- pia mater
white matter
How does the dura mater divide the brain?
it dips down into some of the grooves
What blood draining systems are in the dura mater?
superior saggital sinus
inferior saggital sinus
straight sinus - near cerebellum?
What are cisternes?
areas of cerebrospinal fluid
