Sensation Flashcards
Sensation
the brain receives input from the sensory organs on surrounding space
Transduction
transforming cell stimulation into neural impulses
Sensory Adaptation
our senses get used to important things as they keep going
Sensory interaction
different senses influence each other
Absolute Threshold
the minimum of stimulus level needed to detect the stimulus
Difference Threshold
when there are two almost identical objects and someone can tell the the difference only 50 % of the time
Just Noticeable Difference
when someone can just be able tell the difference between two almost identical items
Weber’s Law
if two things seem different, must differ at constant percentage
Synaesthesia
when one sense is triggered by a sensation in a different sense
Retina
thin layer of cells in back of the eye
Rods
perefrial vision and helps you see back and white
Cones
helps you see color
Ganglion Cells
gather neural impulses to optic nerve
Fovea
central point of focus and detail
Lens
focuses and flips
Cornea
bends light and protects eye
Iris
colored muscle and helps dilate or constrict pupil
Pupil
opening of eye
visual/optic nerve
transmit visual information to thalamus and visual cortex
Accommodation
lens can change shape to focus on near or far objects
Blind Spot
area in eye with no visual field, no receptor cells where optic nerve leaves eye
Young Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory
three different types of receptor cones in eye that respond to different wavelengths, red(long), green(medium), and blue(short)
Opponent Process Theory
neural process of receiving colors as opposite; white and black, green and red, and blue and yellow
Afterimages
when ganglion cells become overstimulated you see the opposite colors afterward
Dichromatism/monochromatism
color blind; when one or two of your cones are missing
Occipital lobes
receive visual information
Nearsightedness
can focus/see things near but not far
Farsightedness
can see/focus on things far but not near
Prosopagnosia
face blindness
Blindsight
can’t see but respond to things like you can see
Wavelength
vision- color; hearing- pitch
Amplitude
vision- brightness; hearing-loudness
Conduction Hearing Loss
when the middle of the ear is not conducting sound to cochlea well
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
when the receptor cells aren’t sending messages through auditory nerves
Place Theory
high frequency pitches; high vibrations are at front of cochlea and low frequencies at the back
Frequency Theory
low frequency pitches; sound frequencies send signals at whatever rate the sound is received
Volley Principle
medium frequency pitches; one neuron fires and then send to different neuron to fire and send back and forth to each other
Sound localization
brain can direct where sound is coming from
Olfaction
smell
Gustation
taste
Thalamus
where all sensory information is sent except for smell
Pheromones
a scent that is left for communicating (usually for animals)
Gustatory cells
taste receptors, 6 different kinds: sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami, oleogustus
Taste receptors
project hairs into taste buds to taste, and send information to gustatory cortex
Supertasters
a lot of little bumps on tongue, has intricate sense of taste
Medium Taster
regular amount of bumps, normal sense of taste
Non-taster
not a lot of bumps on tongue, cannot taste very many things
Hot/Cold sensation
when you have cold and pressure you feel wet and when it goes from cold to hot you feel searing
Gate-Control Theory
gate can be opened by small nerve fibers to send pain signals to brain and can be closed by large ones to stop sending signals
Phantom Limb Sensation
when you do not have a limb but still get sensations and pain as if it were still on your body
Vestibular Sense
ability to sense position of body and be able to balance
Semicircular canals
fluid chambers by in inner ear to send messages to cerebellum about body position
Kinesthesis
sensing and coordination of individual body parts
