Seminar 10 Advanced neuro assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of a pupil assessment

A

remember PERRLA
Pupils
Equal
Round
Reactive to Light
Accommodation

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2
Q

what is pupil accommodation

A

do the pupils dilate when focusing on a distant object and constrict when focusing on an object up close

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3
Q

what is unilateral pupil dilation

A

When the two pupils are unequal in size

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4
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31

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5
Q

how many dermatomes are there

A

30

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6
Q

how many cervical dermatomes are there

A

there are 7 cervical dermatomes

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7
Q

how many thoracic dermatomes are there

A

there are 12 thoracic dermatomes

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8
Q

how many lumbar dermatomes are there

A

there are 5 lumbar dermatomes

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9
Q

how many sacral dermatomes are there

A

5 sacral dermatomes

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10
Q

how many coccygeal dermatomes are there

A

1 coccygeal

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11
Q

what is ataxia

A

means without coordination

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12
Q

what kind of deficits would a person have if they had a right brain stroke

A

-impaired judgment with impulsive behaviour
-tends to deny or minimize problems
-spatial-perceptual deficits

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13
Q

what kind of deficits would a person have if they had a left brain stroke

A

-aphasia
-slow performance of tasks and cautious

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14
Q

what does FAST-VAN stand for

A

Face
Arms
Speech
Time
Vision (right or left gaze)
Aphasia
Neglect (do they ignore the left side of their body)

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15
Q

What 3 key features are seizure classifications based on

A
  1. where the seizure begins in the brain
  2. The level of awareness during the seizure
  3. anything else that the patient does during the seizure ie spasms/movements
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16
Q

What is a focal seizure

A

onset is in one area on one side of the brain

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17
Q

what is a generalized seizure

A

involves both sides of the brain at onset

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18
Q

what is a focal to bilateral seizure

A

starts on one side of the brain and spreads to both sides

19
Q

what is the prodromal phase of a seizure

A

The preceding signs before a seizure (headache, confusion, behaviour changes)

20
Q

What is the early ictal/aural phase

A

sensory warning ie changes in vision, auditory sensations

21
Q

what is the ictal phase of a seizure

A

the time where the actual seizure is occurring so there may be loss of awareness repeated movements

22
Q

what is the postictal phase of a seizure

A

the seizure has stopped and the patient is recovering from the seizure

23
Q

what is status epilepticus

A

a state of constant seizure or when seizures occur is rapid succession

24
Q

what is the maximum amount of time you should apply suction for

A

10-15 seconds

25
Q

how long should you allow a patient to rest between suctionings

A

30 sec-1 min

26
Q

how does alcohol create CNS depression

A

alcohol inhibits the excitatory receptors and and enhances the inhibitory GABA receptors

27
Q

what does the acronym cage stand for and what is it used to determine

A

-Felt like you need to CUT down on alcohol
-have people ANNOYED you by criticizing you’re drinking
-Have you ever felt GUILTY about your drinking
-Have you ever had an EYE opener drink (drink in the morning)

28
Q

what does CIWA stand for

A

Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale

29
Q

symptoms of alcohol withdrawal typically start how long after someones last drink

A

usually start 6-12 hrs after someone’s last drink

30
Q

when someone is in alcohol withdrawal when are they most likely to have a seizure

A

seizures usually occur 12-48 hrs after someone’s last drink

31
Q

what is delirium tremens

A

the most severe effect of alcohol withdrawal manifested by widespread confusion and activation of the sympathetic NS

32
Q

when does delirium tremens usually start in someone with alcohol withdrawal

A

usually starts 48-72 hours after last drink

33
Q

what is the major sign of delirium tremens

A

Global confusion and disorientation

34
Q

what is the kindling phenomenon

A

when someone has recurring episodes of alcohol withdrawal each episode will get more severe and the pt will become more likely to experience seizures and delirium tremens

35
Q

Why are alcoholics more likely to contract beriberi and why

A

sine drinking excessive amounts of alcohol can create malabsorption of Vit B1

36
Q

what system does dry Beriberi affect

A

affects the CNS

37
Q

what system does wet Beriberi affect

A

effects the heart and the circulatory system

38
Q

what are common labs and diagnostics to monitor for AWS

A

-Glucose (Alcohol use can cause hyperglycemia)
-ECG (chronic alcohol use can damage the heart)
-CBC/electrolytes (due to risk of dehydration and malnutrition)
-Liver tests
-Lipase (since this is secreted by the pancreas and alcohol can damage the pancreas)

39
Q

what is a tonic clonic seizure

A

a seizure that involves both tonic (stiffening) and clonic (twitching/jerking) phases of muscle activity

40
Q

can a tonic clonic seizure result from a focal or generalized seizure

A

can result from both types of seizures

41
Q

what is the function of thiamine in the body

A

enables the body to metabolize and use carbohydrates for energy

42
Q

what is nystagmus

A

when the PT’s eyes make repetitive uncontrolled movements

43
Q

since diazepam can cause severe sedation in older adults what should be administered instead

A

Lorazepam

44
Q

how long are alcohol withdrawal orders good for

A

5 days