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BDS 4 - CDS - Orthodontics > Seminar 1: Orthodontic Radiology > Flashcards

Seminar 1: Orthodontic Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

when writing a radiographic report of an OPT for ortho assessment,

what should you write?

A

Acceptable
Teeth Present
Apical Pathology
Caries & Restorations
Bone Levels
Other Pathology
&
Justification for xray

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2
Q

what happens if a patient is placed too far forward in an opt machine?

A

teeth appear narrow/thin

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3
Q

what happens if a patient is placed too far backward in an opt machine?

A

teeth appear wider on the film

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4
Q

what are ghost images?

A

shadows created on opposite side of an OPT by the object which caused them

usually caused by METAL OBJECTS, RESTORATIONS, EARRINGS or sometimes NORMAL ANATOMIC FEATURES

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5
Q

When the occlusal plane on an OPT looks like the patient is smiling, what couldve caused this?

A

patients head is tilted too far downwards

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6
Q

When the occlusal plane on an OPT looks like the patient is SAD, what couldve caused this?

A

patients head tilted up

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7
Q

when do you request a maxillary occlusal radiograph?

A
  • pathology in anterior region of maxilla
  • confirm preference of unerupted teeth
  • root resorption sometimes
  • parallax (with OPT)
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8
Q

when do you request a periapical radiograph?

A
  • assessing root resorption
  • evidence of periapical infection
  • assessing ankylosis
  • parallax
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9
Q

when would you request bitewing radiographs?

A
  • caries status
  • more info on tooth prognosis
  • alveolar bone levels
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10
Q

what are the combinations of radiographic views required for parallax?

A

OPT & Maxillary Occlusal

2 PA’s

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11
Q

When going from an OPT view to a maxillary occlusal view for parallax, what direction is the tube shifted?

A

Shifted Up

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12
Q

Indications for taking a lateral ceph?

A
  • AP Discepancies
  • Vertical discrepancies

Tx planning
- orthodontic & orthognathic planning

Progress monitoring:
- fixed appliance tx
- functional appliance tx
- facial growth monitoring

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13
Q

Important facts about lateral ceph?

A
  • STANDARDISED lateral radiograph of face & base of skull
  • REPRODUCIBLE - 1.5m set distance
  • head correctly positioned using ear rods and forehead rest
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14
Q

what are important things to analyse in a lateral ceph?

A
  • relationship between jaws & cranial base
  • relationship between upper & lower jaw
  • position of teeth relative to the jaws
  • soft tissue profile
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15
Q

What are all of these?

A

Reference landmarks

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16
Q

what are all of these?

A

Reference lines

17
Q

what is the most common analysis used for looking at lateral cephalograms?

A

Eastmans analysis

18
Q

what things are included in EASTMAN ANALYSIS?

A
  • SNA, SNB
  • ANB (AP Discrepancy)
  • FMPA (Vertical Discrepancy)

Angulation of teeth:
UIMxP: Upper incisor axis & Maxillary plane
LIMnP: Lower incisor axis & Mandibular plane

  • Vertical face height proportions [LAFH/TAFH]
19
Q

AP Discrepancy (ANB) for CLASS 1 Skeletal?

A

2-4*

20
Q

AP Discrepancy (ANB) for Class 2 (Mild, Mod, Severe) Skeletal?

A

Mild: 4-6*
Mod: 6-8*
Sev: >8*

21
Q

AP Discrepancy (ANB) for Class 3 (Mild, Mod, Severe) Skeletal?

A

Mild: 0 - 2*
Mod: -3 - 0*
Sev: < -3*

22
Q

Average FMPA Angle?

A

27*

23
Q

Average Measurements for:
- Ui/MxP
- Li/MnP

  • Ui/Li
A
24
Q

what are some errors in cephalometry?

A

Radiographic projection errors
- magnification
- distortion

Errors within the measuring system
- non-linear fields

Errors in landmark identification
- quality of image
- landmark definition & location

25
Q

What is CBCT?

A

Cone beam computed Tomography (CBCT)

  • 3D radiograph, similar but not EXACT as a CT scan
  • computer software produces imagines in multiple planes
26
Q

When do we use CBCT in orthodontics?

A
  • localisation of impacted teeth IF we need more info on proximity to adjacent teeth
  • better view of structural anomalies
  • some orthognathic & cleft palate cases
27
Q

why dont we use CBCT more often if its better & more detailed?

A
  • radiation dose to PT is considerably higher than plain films
  • Pt setup time takes longer so pt must hold still - high chance for movement causing radiographic errors
  • Cost
28
Q
A

BDS 4 - CDS - Orthodontics (10 decks)

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