Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology and Physiology Reproduction System > Seminal vesicle and Prostate > Flashcards

Seminal vesicle and Prostate Flashcards

1
Q

seminal vesicles location

A

paired, elongated, highly coiled tubular glands located on the posterior wall of the urinary bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sminal vesicle function

A

secrete and store seminal fluid

secretions = 60-70% of seminal fluid; are expelled in the 2nd fraction of the ejaculate to wash the sperm out of the ejac duct and urethra

also dilute the thick mass of sperm to enable them to develop motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

seminal fluid

A

alkaline

helps neutralize the acidic vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

principal constituent of seminal secretion

A

fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

other components of seminal fluid besides fructose

A

prostaglandins - believed to stimulate contractions of the SmM in both the male and female reproductive tracts
- thereby transport sperm from their storage to site of fertilization

fibrinogen = precursor of fibrin which forms the meshwork of a clot that holds the semen in the deeper regions of the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

lumen of seminal vesicles

A

one

large

stores the fluid secretion (but not spermatozoa) between ejaculations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mucosa of seminal vesicle

A

arranged into convoluted folds to significantly increase the secretory surface area

pseudostratified columnar with tall, non-ciliated columnar cells (secretory) and short round basal cells

also the presence of simple columnar

CT lamina propria with elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

muscularis of seminal vesicle

A

inner circular and outer longitudinal

contraction during ejaculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

secretory function of seminal vesicle is under the control of what hormone

A

testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

differences between seminal vesicle and oviduct

A

oviduct = columnar cells are ciliated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

same between seminal vesicle and oviduct

A

tubular structure with branching mucosal folds in lumen

inner circular and out long muscle walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

prostate gland location

A

surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder, and can be felt during a rectal exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

prostate gland function

general

A

largest accessory sex organ in males

secretes and stores a thin, milky, and slightly basic fluid

25-30% of seminal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

prostatic fluid

A

1st ejaculate fraction with most of the spermatozoa

neutralizes vagina

provides clotting enzymes and fibrinolysin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

clotting enzymes of prostatic fluid

A

act on fibrinogen from the seminal vesicles to produce fibrin

which clots the semen to help keep the ejaculate sperm in deeper regions of the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

fibrinolysin of protstatic fluid

A

clot is formed

15-30min later the seminal clot is broken down by fibribolysin (fibrin-degrading enzyme)

to release motile sperm within female tract

17
Q

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

A

serine protease released from prostatic epithelium cells

important tumor marker

normal = mainly released into prostatic secretion - helps liquefy coagulated semen for slow release of sperm after ejaculation; small amounts leak into blood

prostate cancer = large amounts of PSA are produced and misdirected into circulation

18
Q

high PSA levels in plasma

A

associated with prostate cancer

or benign prostatitis or BPH

19
Q

prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP)

A

made by prostatic epithelium

elevated serum levels are found in patients with metastatic prostate cancer

20
Q

exocrine prostate

A

compound tubuloalveolar exocrine glands (30-50)

empty into 15-25 independent excurrent ducts

these ducts open into urethra

glands are embedded into a dense fibromuscular stroma which mainly consists of SmM separated by dense CT

21
Q

prostatic glandular epithelium

A

generally simple columnar

changes to transitional epithelium near the openings of the ducts into urethra

22
Q

5alpha-reductase in prostate

A

testosterone and adrenal androgens are converted to DHT

DHT stimulates the growth of normal prostatic epithelium and proliferation and growth of BPH and prostate cancer

23
Q

prostatic concretions (corpora amylacea)

A

characteristic feature of prostate

in the alveoli

appear in sections as concentric lamellated bodies
- formed by precipitations of secretory material around cell fragments

number increases with age

24
Q

prostate vs lactating mammary gland

A

prostate

  • indistinct lobules
  • stroma prominently surrounds the gland
  • SmM in stroma
  • lamellated prostatic concretions

mammary

  • distinct lobules
  • thin CT septae separating lobules
  • no SmM in stroma
  • myoepithelial cell contraction helps milk ejection

both

  • compound glands embedded in a dense fibrous stroma
  • secretory epithelial cells
25
Q

four zones of prostate

A

transitional

periurethral

central

peripheral

26
Q

peripheral zone of prostate

A

posterior and lateral parts, surrounds the distal urethra

most susceptible to inflammation

64% of cancers are here

palpable on rectal exam

27
Q

central zone of prostate

A

surrounds ejaculatory duct

resistance to carcinoma and inflammation

28
Q

transitional zone

A

surrounds the proximal prostatic urethra

34% of cancers

responsible for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

  • outgrowth of both glandular eptihelial and stromal cell compartments
  • formation of nodular masses
  • can compress the prostatic urethra, causing difficult urination
29
Q

periurethral zone of prostate

A

in later stage of BPH, this zone may undergo pathologic growth….but mainly from the stronal components
- also causes increased urethral compression and retention of urine in the bladder

30
Q

fibromuscular stroma of prostate

A

occupies anterior surface of the prostate gland…anterior to urethra

composed of dense irregular connective tissue with large amount of SmM fibers

31
Q

Prostate cancer

A

most common non-skin cancer in men in USA

incidence increases with age

usually develop in the peripheral zone, does not impinge on the urethra to produce symptoms

diagnose by using the PSA test usually…but also can do a biopsy

32
Q

treatment of prostate cancer

A

surgery

radiation therapy

hormonal therapy

  • reduce circulating androgens by performing an orchiectomy (removal of testis) or by administration of GnRH agonists or antagonists
  • block activity of androgen receptor by androgen receptor angtagonist
  • almost always lead to recurrence - major cause of prostate cancer mortality
33
Q

orchiectomy

treatment of prostate cancer

A

reduces T and DHT

but significant rises in LH and FSH

34
Q

GnRH antagonists

treatment of prostate cancer

A

inhibit GnRH receptor and immediately stop LH secretion and suppress T level

sustained suppression in LH, testosterone, DHT, and FSH

35
Q

GnRH agonists

treatment of prostate cancer

A

produce an initial surge in LH, FSH, T, and DHT

continuous pituitary stimulation down regulates and desensitizes GnRH receptor
–> leads to eventual decrease in LH, FSH and T and DHT

36
Q

Melatonin regulation of GnRH release

pre puberty –> puberty

A

melatonin is secreted by pineal gland at night at a steady rate after age of 3 months

inhibits GnRH pulse generator (functioning since birth)

throughout childhood, the GnRH axis remains inhibited

at puberty….body mass increases, leading to decrease concentrations of melatonin –> GnRH generator is activated

37
Q

Cowper’s (bulbourethral) gland

A

size of a pea

function:

  • secretion of clear, mucus-like, pre-seminal fluid (pre-ejaculate) to lubricate the urethra
  • neutralizes acidic traces of urine in urethra and helps flush out any residual urine or foreign matter
38
Q

Semen

A

10% sperm

90% seminal plasma

pre-ejaculate = bulbourethral gland secretion

first fraction = spermatozoa and prostate secretion

second fraction = seminal vesicle secretion

39
Q

Summary of all functions of the seminal fluid

A
  • neutralize acidic urethra and vagina
  • providing energy source for sperm
  • forming seminal clot
  • regulating sperm motility
  • helping transport sperm

Histology and Physiology Reproduction System (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions