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Physical Science > Semester Test study guide > Flashcards

Semester Test study guide Flashcards

1
Q

Charge of an Electron

A

Negative

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2
Q

Charge of a Proton

A

Positive

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3
Q

Charge of a Neutron

A

Neutral / no charge

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4
Q

Positively charged particles made of protons and neutrons located at the center of an atom

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

Cloud around the nucleus that contains electrons

A

Electron cloud

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6
Q

States that electrons move in set orbits around the nucleus, like planets

A

Bohrs model

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7
Q

Between 1-8 and is found in the outermost shell of an atom

A

Valence electrons

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8
Q

an atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms but that has a different number of neutrons

A

Isotope

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9
Q

a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

A

Elements

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10
Q

a group of atoms that have gained or lost one or more electrons and has a positive or negative charge

A

Ion

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11
Q

Horizontal rows in the periodic table

A

Periods

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12
Q

Vertical rows in the periodic table

A

Groups

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13
Q

states that when elements are listed in order of number of protons, similarities in their properties occur in a regular pattern

A

Periodic law

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14
Q

the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element

A

atom

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15
Q

The arrangement of atoms in a substance

A

Chemical structure

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16
Q

The angle formed by two bonds of the same atom

A

Bond angle

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17
Q

The average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms

A

Bond length

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18
Q

Represents bond lengths and angles

A

ball and stick model

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19
Q

Only chemical symbols are used to represent the atoms

A

structural formula model

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20
Q

Shows the space occupied by atoms in a 3D space

A

Space-filling model

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21
Q

A substance made of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined

A

Compound

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22
Q

How things are alike

A

Compare

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23
Q

How things are different

A

Contrast

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24
Q

A possible explanation or answer that can be tested

A

Hypothesis

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25
Describes something with numbers (n=numbers)
Quantitative statement
26
Describes something with letters (l=letters)
Qualitative statement
27
Is useful for comparing data for several individual items or events
Bar graph
28
Is useful or showing continuous change
line graph
29
A prescribed decimal place that determines the amount of rounding off the be done based on the precision of the measurement
Significant figures
30
``` Step 1-Make an Observation Step 2-Research and Investigate Step 3- Make a Hypothesis Step 4- Plan Experiment Step 5- Do the Experiment Step 6- Analyze and collect data Step 7-Report Data ```
Scientific method and order
31
``` Microscopes Telescopes Spectroscopes Particle Accelerator Computers ```
Scientific Tools
32
A method of expressing a quantity as a number multiplied by 10 to the appropriate power, EX.- 1.56x10^18
Scientific Notation
33
The ability and willingness to assess claims critically and to make judgments on the basis of objective and supporting reasons. (facts)
Critical Thinking
34
Biological Science Physical Science Earth Science
Branches of NATURAL SCIENCE
35
Physics and Chemistry
Branches of PHYSICAL SCIENCE
36
The application of science for practical purposes
Technology
37
``` Evaporation- Liquid to a gas Condensation- Gas to a liquid Freezing- Liquid to a solid Melting- Solid to a liquid Deposition- gas to a solid Sublimation- solid to a gas ```
Changes in states of matter
38
The energy of motion
Kinetic energy
39
States that for a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure, the volume of the gas decreases as its temperature increases, likewise the volume of a gas increases as its temp increases (deals with temperature and volume)
Charles Law
40
States that the pressure of a gas increases as the temperature increases if the volume of the gas does not change
Gay-Lussacs Law
41
The scientific study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
Chemistry
42
The smallest unit of a substance that keeps all the physical and chemical properties of that substance
Molecule
43
A combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance
Chemical formula
44
The temperature and pressure at which a solid becomes a liquid
Melting point
45
The temperature and pressure at which a liquid becomes a gas
Boiling point
46
The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of a substance
Density
47
Substances AREN’T mixed uniformly and are NOT evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixture
48
Substances ARE evenly distributed, and the mixture IS the same throughout
Homogeneous mixture
49
A representation of an object or event that can be studied to understand the real object or event.
Model
50
``` 32e 4th 18e 3rd 8e 2nd 2e 1st NUCLEUS ```
Electron levels
51
Is a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons
Orbitals
52
are formed between oppositely charged ions
Ionic bond
53
a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
Covalent bond
54
a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them
Metallic bond
55
an ion made of two or more atoms
Polyatomic ion
56
Bonds in which atoms share electrons equally
Nonpolar covalent bond
57
forms an unequal sharing of electrons
Polar covalent bond
58
positively charged ion
Cation
59
negatively charged ion
Anion
60
Gram- Mass Mole- Amount of Substance Liter- Volume Meter- Length
Units of Measurement

Physical Science (3 decks)

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