2nd Semester Test Flashcards
The amount of distance over time and does NOT show direction
Speed
measures the path taken
distance
an objects change in position relative to a reference point
motion
the change in position of an object
displacement
is the curved path an object follows when thrown, launched, or otherwise projected near the surface of Earth. Applies to objects that are moving in two dimensions under the influence of gravity. as two components—horizontal and vertical. The two components are independent.
projectile motion
a combination of all forces acting upon an object
net force
the energy that is transferred as electromagnetic waves, such as visible light and infrared waves
radiation
is the movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variations.
convection
transfer of energy as heat through a material
conduction
poor conductors
insulator
any material through which energy can be easily transferred as heat
conductor
an object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion maintains its velocity unless it experiences an unbalanced force
Newtons first law
keyboard, mouse, mic
computer input devices
The gravitational force an object experiences because of its mass, weight = mass x free-fall acceleration w=mg
weight equation
increases as mass increases and decreases as distance decreases
what increases gravity
rubber, wood
insulators
phone, computer, satellite
telecommunication devices
the time it takes a complete cycle or wave oscillation to occur
period
a machine made up of one or more simple machines
compound machine
the bending of a wavefront as the wavefront passes between two substances in which the speed of the wave differs
refraction
the bouncing back of a ray of light, sound, or heat when the ray hits a surface that it does not go through
reflection
any interference in which waves combine so that the resulting wave is bigger than the original waves.
constructive interference
sometimes known as the method of adding waves
principle of superstition
When two waves of slightly different frequencies interfere with each other, they produce
beats
is when one force is greater than the other causing it to go in that particular direction
unbalanced forces
a quantity that measures the rate at which work is done or energy is transformed
power
measures the distance between two equivalent parts of a wave
wavelength
a set of instructions or commands that tell the computer what to do
software
the rate at which velocity changes over time
acceleration
waves that require a medium
mechanical waves
a wave in which the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling
transverse
a wave in which the particles of the medium move parallel to the direction the wave is traveling
longitudinal wave
consists of oscillating electric and magnetic fields, which radiate outward at the speed of light.
electromagnetic wave
occur at the boundary of two mediums such as water and air
surface wave
what are the two families of simple machines
lever family and inclined plane family
energy cannot be created nor destroyed
law of conservation of energy
9.8 m/s2 if you disregard all air resistance and friction
free- fall acceleration near earths surface
modified inclined plane
wedge
equals distance over time or – v=d/t
equation for average speed
a constant acceleration in a circle and a constant speed
uniform circular motion
resists the initiation of sliding motion between two surfaces that are in contact and at rest
static friction
the transfer of energy to a body by the application of a force that causes the body to move in the direction of the force
Work
energy at rest or stored energy
potential energy
change from mechanical energy due to friction or air resistance
nonmechanical energy
The energy of a moving object due to the object’s motion is called
kinetic energy
sum of potential and kinetic energy in a system
nonmechanical energy
the measure of how hot or cold something is
temperature
is defined as the quantity of heat required to raise a unit mass of homogenous material 1 K or 1°C in a specified way given constant pressure and volume.
specific heat
energy transfer is accomplished by radiation and convection
passive solar heating system
because it uses energy from another source, such as electricity, to move the heated water.
active solar heating system
heat transfer
heat always goes from an object with a higher temp to a lower one
usually, travel through a solid medium
sound waves
waves are caused by what
a vibrating object
the highest point in a transverse wave
crest
the lowest point in a transverse wave
trough
number of cycles or vibrations per unit of time
frequency
is an observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving.
doppler effect
a set of rules used to interpret data that conveys info
code
anything used to guide, direct, or warn
signal
a signal whose properties such as amplitude and frequency can change continuously in a given range
analog signal
a signal that can be represented as a sequence of discreet values
digital signal
the sending of visible and audible info by electronic means
telecommunication
a part or piece of equipment that makes up a computer
hardware
