chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

a quantity that measures the rate at which work is done or energy is transformed

A

power

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2
Q

a machine made up of more than one simple machine

A

compound machine

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3
Q

the most basic machines

A

simple machines

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4
Q

the transfer of energy to a body by the application of a force that causes the body to move in the direction of the force

A

Work

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5
Q

modified levers

A

pulley

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6
Q

a lever or pulley connected to a shaft

A

wheel and axle

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7
Q

have a fulcrum located between the points of application of the input and output forces.

A

first-class lever

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8
Q

the fulcrum is at one end of the arm and the input force is applied to the other end.

A

second-class lever

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9
Q

multiply distance rather than force. As a result, they have a mechanical advantage of less than 1.

A

third-class lever

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10
Q

the sum of potential and kinetic energy in a system

A

mechanical energy

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11
Q

change from mechanical energy due to friction or air resistance

A

nonmechanical energy

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12
Q

energy at rest or stored energy, is at its highest at the peak of the arch

A

potential energy

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13
Q

what turns mechanical energy to nonmechanical energy

A

friction, air resistance, or other means

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14
Q

exchanges energy with the space that surrounds them

A

open system

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15
Q

flow of energy is slow enough to be ignored

A

closed system

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16
Q

what is the source of the sun’s energy

A

nuclear fusion reactors in the core

17
Q

efficiency = useful work output / work input

A

efficiency equation

18
Q

what are the two levels of simple machines

A

lever and inclined plane family

19
Q

what is the mechanical advantage of a pulley

A

1

20
Q

what is a wedge

A

a modified inclined plane

21
Q

law of conservation of energy states

A

energy cannot be created nor destroyed

22
Q

unit of measurement for work

A

joules

23
Q

unit of measurement for power

A

watts

24
Q

energy stored in the gravitational field which exists between any two or more objects
PE = mgh

A

Gravitational potential energy

25
Q

multiple pulleys together

A

block and tackle

26
Q

work equation

A
W = F x d
work = force x distance
27
Q

power equation

A
P = W / t
power = work / time
28
Q

mechanical advantage equation

A

mech. adv. = output force / input force

29
Q

gravitational potential energy equation

A

PE = mgh

grav. PE = mass x free-fall acceleration x height

30
Q

kinetic energy equation

A
KE = 1 / 2mv ̂2          
KE = 1 /2 x mass x speed squared
31
Q

efficiency equation

A

efficiency = useful work output / work input