Semester Exam Flashcards
Homeostasis
Stable internal conditions
The work of scientists begins with….
Careful observations
Controlled experiment
Only one variable should be changed at a time
How does science differ from other disciplines
Science relies strictly on facts
When is a hypothesis useful?
When it can be tested
Where may a hypothesis come from?
Observations, prior knowledge, logical inference
Spontaneous generation
The idea that life could arise from nonliving matter
What is not a goal of science or how it works?
Something that cannot be proven
Inference
A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience
Why do scientists need to publish the details of important work?
So that other scientists can replicate their work
A tissue is composed of what?
Simple, individual cells
Theory
A well tested hypothesis
Osmosis
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable substance.
Biology
Science that seeks to understand the living work
Ribosomes
Where proteins are assembled
Chromosomes
Threadlike structures that contain the genetic info that is passed down from generation to generation
Cell wall
Strong supporting layer that provides protection for the cell.
Cell membrane
Regulates what enters and leaves the cell. A thin flexible barrier around the cell
Characteristics of living things
Made up of units called cells, reproduce, based on a universal genetic code, grow and develop, obtain and use materials and energy, respond to their environment, maintain a stable internal environment.
Nucleus
Center of the cell, brain of the cell
Metabolism
Builds up or breaks down materials
Microscope
Tool that magnifies
Goal of Science
To investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions.
Compound light microscope
Where the light passes through the specimen and uses two lenses to form an image
Mitochondria
Provides energy for the cell
Chloroplast
Gives the cell its energy
Cell culture
A group of cells formed from one original cell
Cell fractionation
Cell separation
Golgi apparatus
Where proteins are assembled
Lysosome
Gets rid of waste
Three particles that make up an atom, their charges and where they are found
Protons(+),neutrons( none), electrons(-)
Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus, electrons orbit the nucleus
Function of the cytoskeleton
Gives the cell it’s shape
Function of the cell wall
Surround and support the cell
What did Democritus believe about atoms
Atoms could not be divided
How do you find the number of protons, neutrons, electrons
Protons, electrons= atomic number of elements
Neutrons- subtract atomic mass from atomic number
What doesn’t have a cell wall
Animal cell
Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Eukaryotes have a nucleus, prokaryotes do not
Isotopes
Different number or neutrons
Species
A group of organisms so similar that they can breed and produce offspring
Populations
Group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in a defined area
Ecology
The study of organisms and their surroundings and environment
Biome
A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities
Biosphere
Contains a combined portion where all life exists including water, air and land
Community
Different populations that live together in a defined area
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
First person to ever use a microscope to study nature
Robert Hooke
Discovered cells
Covalent and ionic bonds
Covalent bonds share electrons and ionic bonds transfer electrons
Autotroph/producer
Heterotroph/consumer
Autotrophs make their own food, heterotrophs rely on others for food.
Food chain
Food web
Food chain- a series of steps where energy is transferred by animals that eat other animals
Food web- all food chains combined
