Chapter 13 Test Flashcards
Produced by selective breeding
Horses, cats, dogs, potatoes
Luther Burbank
A botanist who developed the disease-resistant Burbank potato, which was later exited to Ireland to help fight potato blight and other diseases.
Hybridization
Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms.
Inbreeding
The continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics.
What are the risks of inbreeding?
Cross between two individuals will bring together two recessive alleles for a genetic defect.
Why are biologists interested in preserving the diversity of plants and animals in the wild?
Selective breeding would be nearly impossible without the wide variation that is found in natural populations.
Breeders can increase the genetic variations by inducing ____________, which are the ultimate source of genetic variability.
Mutations
Name two methods used by breeders to increase the rate of mutation
Radiation and chemicals
Is it easy for breeders to produce mutants with desirable mutations?
The small size of bacteria enable millions of organisms to be treated at the same time so this increases the chances of producing a useful mutant.
What is true about polyploidy?
A. Polyploid plants have many sets of chromosomes
B. Polyploidy is usually fatal in animals.
C. Bananas and some citrus fruits are polyploid.
What is genetic engineering?
Making changes in the DNA code of a living organism
True/False
Making changes to the DNA code is similar to changing the code of a computer program
True
Scientists use their knowledge of the _________________ of DNA and its________________ chemical properties to study and change the molecules.
Structure; chemical
Four different techniques that molecular biologists use to study and change DNA molecules
- Extract
- Cut
- Identify
- Make copies
How do biologists get DNA out of the cell?
The cells are opened and the DNA is separated from the other cell parts.
