Chapter 13 Test

Question 1

Produced by selective breeding

Answer 1

Horses, cats, dogs, potatoes

Question 2

Luther Burbank

Answer 2

A botanist who developed the disease-resistant Burbank potato, which was later exited to Ireland to help fight potato blight and other diseases.

Question 3

Hybridization

Answer 3

Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms.

Question 4

Inbreeding

Answer 4

The continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics.

Question 5

What are the risks of inbreeding?

Answer 5

Cross between two individuals will bring together two recessive alleles for a genetic defect.

Question 6

Why are biologists interested in preserving the diversity of plants and animals in the wild?

Answer 6

Selective breeding would be nearly impossible without the wide variation that is found in natural populations.

Question 7

Breeders can increase the genetic variations by inducing ____________, which are the ultimate source of genetic variability.

Answer 7

Mutations

Question 8

Name two methods used by breeders to increase the rate of mutation

Answer 8

Radiation and chemicals

Question 9

Is it easy for breeders to produce mutants with desirable mutations?

Answer 9

The small size of bacteria enable millions of organisms to be treated at the same time so this increases the chances of producing a useful mutant.

Question 10

What is true about polyploidy?

Answer 10

A. Polyploid plants have many sets of chromosomes
B. Polyploidy is usually fatal in animals.
C. Bananas and some citrus fruits are polyploid.

Question 11

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 11

Making changes in the DNA code of a living organism

Question 12

True/False

Making changes to the DNA code is similar to changing the code of a computer program

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Scientists use their knowledge of the _________________ of DNA and its________________ chemical properties to study and change the molecules.

Answer 13

Structure; chemical

Question 14

Four different techniques that molecular biologists use to study and change DNA molecules

Answer 14

1. Extract
2. Cut
3. Identify
4. Make copies

Question 15

How do biologists get DNA out of the cell?

Answer 15

The cells are opened and the DNA is separated from the other cell parts.

Question 16

What is meant by selective breeding?

Answer 16

Only animals with desired characteristics are allowed to produce the next generation.