Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Psychology > Semester Exam > Flashcards

Semester Exam Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Behavioral Psychology

A

how we learn observable responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Positive Correlation

A

+1.00

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mode

A

most frequent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Median

A

middle (50th percentile)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

APA Guidelines

A

1) Informed Consent
2) Protection
3) Confidentiality
4) Debrief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Normal Distribution

A

bell curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hindsight Bias

A

believe, after learning the outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (i-knew-it-all-along phenomenon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cognitive Psychologists

A

study how we perceive, think, and solve problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Standard Deviation

A

1) 68%
2) 95%
3) 99%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Independent Variable

A

factor that is being manipulated/studied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Experimental Studies

A

explore cause and effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Placebo Effect

A

experimental results caused by expectation alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Statistical Interference

A

?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Operational Definiton

A

statement of the procedures used to define research variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neurons

A

nerve cell; basis of nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acetylcholine and Dopamine

A

A: muscle action, learning; depletes memory= Alzheimer’s
D: movement, attention, and emotion; increased amounts cause schizophrenia, decreased= Parkinson’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Reuptake

A

sending neuron reabsorbs excess neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Parasympathetic/ Sympathetic Nervous System

A

S: Arouses body; increased heart rate, blood pressure; decreased digestion
P: calms body; increased digestion, decreased heart rate and blood pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Divisions of Nervous System

A

Central(brain+spinal cord) and Peripheral(somatic and autonomic(symp/para))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Experiments

A

?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Endocrine System

A

secretes hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Spinal Cord

A

pain reception; hand jerks before brain receives info of pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

PET Scan

A

radioactive glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

temporarily stop breathing while sleeping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Hypnosis

A

one person suggests to another that certain feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Alcohol Effects

A

slowed thinking, memory disruption, decreased self-awareness, organ damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Selective Attention

A

awareness focuses on one minute aspect (talking on the phone while driving)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Phenotypic Traits

A

physical, visible traits; ie. hair color, eye color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Social Learning Theory

A

learn social behavior by watching others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Erikson’s Stages

A

0-1: Trust VS mistrust; needs met= trust
1-3: Autonomy VS shame and doubt; do things by themselves or they will doubt themselves
3-6: Initiative VS guilt; initiate tasks or feel guilty about being independent
6-puberty: Competence VS Inferiority; pleasure of applying self to task, or feel inferior.
teen- 20’s: Identity VS Role Confusion; sense of self or confused about who they are
20-40: Intimacy VS Isolation; love or isolated
40-60: Generativity VS Stagnation: contribute to world, or lack of purpose
60&Up- Integrity VS Despair: sense of satisfaction or failure w/ life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Critical Period

A

optimal period when certain events must take place to develop properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Kohlberg’s Theory of Morality

A

Preconventional- avoid punishment
Conventional- follow laws and social standards
Postconventional-basic rights and ethics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Primary Sex Characteristics

A

reproductive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Temperament

A

emotional reactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Authoritarian

A

rules+ expect obedience; strict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Longitudinal Studies

A

Pros:
Cons:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Who Genetically Determines the Sex of Child?

A

Father

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Location of Sound

A

can tell by which ear it hits first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Size Constancy

A

objects have constant size @ different distances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Top-Down Processing

A

higher level thinking. Base perceptions on past experiences.

42
Q

Linear Perspective

A

Parallel lines appear to meet in the distance

43
Q

Peripheral Vision

A

Ability to see on the sides because of rods

44
Q

Gestalt Theory

A

The whole is different than the sum of its parts.

45
Q

Conduction Deafness

A

caused by damage to mechanical system that conducts sound waves

46
Q

Blind Spot

A

optic nerve leaves eye (no receptor cells)

47
Q

Depth Perception

A

Ability to see in 3D. allows us to judge distance

48
Q

Stimulus Discrimination

A

ability to distinguish between conditioned and irrelevant stimuli

49
Q

Operant Response

A

behavior strengthened if followed by a reinforcement or weakened if followed by a punisher

50
Q

Latent Learning

A

learning that occurs but is not apparent until we need it

51
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

forms associations between stimuli (US, UR, CS, CR)

52
Q

Extinction

A

diminishing of a conditioned response

53
Q

Procedural Memory

A

skills; processed by basal ganglia

54
Q

Heuristics

A

simple thinking strategy to make judgments; speedier but more error prone

55
Q

Divergent Thinking

A

needed for creativity tests (how many uses for a paperclip)

56
Q

Overgeneralization

A

grammatical rules

57
Q

Priming

A

retrieval cues; implicit activation; rabbit=hare not hair

58
Q

Accomodation

A

adapting current understandings to incorporate new info

59
Q

Framing

A

way an issue is posed influences decisions/ judgments; wording effects

60
Q

Deep Structure of Language

A

phonemes: smallest sound (b,ch,t)
morphemes: smallest units with meaning(pre, I)
grammar: system of rules

61
Q

Aptiitude

A

prediction of future performance

62
Q

Validity

A

extent to which a test actually measures or predicts what it promises (math test on math, not science)

63
Q

Fluid Intellegence

A

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; decreases in late adulthood

64
Q

Reliability

A

yields consistent results

65
Q

Self-Actualization

A

5th need; need to live up to full potential

66
Q

Twin Studies on Homosexuality

A

genes play an important role in orientation; however, they are only somewhat more likely to be gay

67
Q

Homeostasis

A

maintenance of a steady internal state

68
Q

I/O Psychology

A

application of psych principles to the workplace

69
Q

Drive Theory

A

idea that physiological need creates a drive that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

70
Q

Performance Level/ Level of Arousal

A

difficult task=low arousal; easy task=high arousal

71
Q

Schachter’s Theory of Emotion

A

two-factor; physically aroused + label = emotion

72
Q

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

A

facial muscle states trigger corresponding feelings

73
Q

Instrumental Aggression

A

nonphysical aggression

74
Q

Trait Theories

A

study specific characteristics

75
Q

Personality Tests

A

Self-report questionaires

76
Q

Sublimination

A

have unacceptable behavior, so channel it into acceptable behavior (redirecting behavior)

77
Q

Freud’s Theory

A

study from unconscious

  • ID=devil
  • Ego=Mediator
  • Superego=angel
78
Q

Self-Esteem

A

feeling of self worth

79
Q

Social Loafing

A

When in a group, people don’t try as hard

80
Q

Milgram’s Study of Obedience

A

We obey authority figures

81
Q

Diffusion of Responsibility

A 
group= assume others will help, so don't
self= help because you're the only one
82
Q

Asch’s Experiment

A

conformity; more likely to not conform if someone else doesn’t conform.

83
Q

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A

you believe something is going to happen, act on that belief, comes true

84
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

two conflicting thoughts, so you change one to go w/ actions

85
Q

Physical Attractiveness Research

A

we think good looking people are dumb

86
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

belief that other people’s behavior constant, while yours changes based on the situation.

87
Q

Approach-Avoidance Conflict

A

one option w/ good and bad aspects (prom will be fun, but expensive)

88
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

OCD, Agoraphobia, PTSD, panic

89
Q

Schizophrenia: Delusions vs. Hallucinations

A

thoughts vs sensory experiences

90
Q

Somatoform Disorders

A

body complaints w/ no physical cause

91
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

lack empathy; no guilt; serial killers or thieves

92
Q

Bases for Development of Mental Disorder- Psychoanalytic Theory

A

Freud- based on unconcious

93
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A

recurring unwanted thoughts lead to repetitive actions

94
Q

Primary Prevention

A

stop disorders from starting

95
Q

Light Exposure Therapy

A

Seasonal Affective Disorder- Depressed in winter because there is less light

96
Q

Social Phobia

A

fear of public speaking or being around strangers

97
Q

Cognitive Therapy

A

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on idea that thoughts intervene between events and emotional reactions

98
Q

Self-Help and Support Groups

A

based on the humanistic perspective

99
Q

Electroconvulsive Shock Therapy

A

shock therapy; used today to treat severe depression

100
Q

ID

A

Devil

101
Q

Ego

A

Mediator

102
Q

Superego

A

Angel

AP Psychology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions