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AP Psychology > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

Social Psych

A

study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another

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2
Q

Attribution Theory

A

we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the person’s stable traits (dispositional attribution) or because of the situation (situation attribution)

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3
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

you believe that your behavior changes with the situation but not others’.

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4
Q

Attitudes

A

feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.

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5
Q

Central Route to Persuasion

A

people focus on the arguments

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6
Q

Peripheral Route to Persuasion

A

people are influenced by incidental cues such as the speaker’s attractiveness.

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7
Q

Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon

A

tendency for people who have first agreed to something small to comply later to a larger request.

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8
Q

Role Playing

A

given a higher position, then act accordingly

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9
Q

Zimbardo

A

prison experiment; some guards, some prisoners; showed hoe perceived role could affect behavior

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10
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

when attitudes and actions don’t match, we try to change attitudes to match

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11
Q

Chameleon Effect

A

unconsciously mimic others

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12
Q

Mood Linkage

A

sharing up and down moods in order to empathize

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13
Q

Asch

A

conformity; confederates answered wrong, volunteer did too bc others did

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14
Q

Conformity

A

adjusting behaviors or thinking to coincide with a group standard

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15
Q

Normative Social Influence

A

conform to avoid rejection or gain social approval

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16
Q

Informational Social Influence

A

conform to be accurate; ex) in a groups, agree with others bc two heads better than one

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17
Q

Milgram

A

studied obedience; shock tests; tell volunteer to shock when other answers wrong, obeyed

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18
Q

Obedience

A

highest when:
1-the person giving orders seemed like a legitimate authority figure
2- victim was depersonalized/ in another room
3- no role models for defiance

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19
Q

Milgram Controversy

A

unethical bc stressed and decieved volunteers

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20
Q

Milgram Lessons

A

average person can harm others

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21
Q

Social Facilitation

A

stronger responses on simple or well learned tasks in the presence of others

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22
Q

Social Loafing

A

diminished effort when in a group

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23
Q

Deindividuation

A

loss of self awareness and self restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and aonymity

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24
Q

Group Polarization

A

beliefs and attitudes we bring to a group grow stronger as we discuss them with like minded others

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25
Q

Groupthink

A

mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

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26
Q

Discrimination

A

unjustifiable negative BELIEF towards a group and its members

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27
Q

Explicit Associations

A

?? conscious relation of two items

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28
Q

Implicit Associations

A

?? unconscious relation of two items

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29
Q

Gender Prejudice

A

people believe men are smarter than women

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30
Q

Just-World Phenomenon

A

belief that the world is fair and people therefore get what they deserve; karma

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31
Q

Prejudice

A

unjustifiable negative ATTITUDE towards a group and its members.
-combo of stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings,and a predisposition to discriminatory actions

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32
Q

Stereotype

A

an overgeneralized belief about a group of people (example)

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33
Q

Ingroup Bias

A

tendency to favor our own group

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34
Q

Other-Race Effect

A

recall faces of one’s own races more accurrately than faces of other races

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35
Q

Blame-the-Victim Phenomenon

A

place blame on the vivtim; “she was asking for it because of what she was wearing”

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36
Q

Aggression

A

any physical or verbal behavior meant to hurt or destroy

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37
Q

Criminal Lobe

A

reduced frontal lobe stimulation

38
Q

Frustration- Aggression Principle

A

frustration (blocking of an attempt to reach a goal) creates anger, which can generate aggression

39
Q

Modeling

A

learn aggression by watching others

40
Q

Social Scripts

A

culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations

41
Q

Rape Myth

A

those who watch more porn are more likely to believe that women like to be raped

42
Q

Video Game Violence

A

play violent video game= become more aggressive

43
Q

Biopsychosocial Approach

A

Bio- testosterone
Psych- frustration, dominating behavior
Social- deindividuation, minimal father involvement, exposure to violent video games

44
Q

Mere Exposure Effect

A

you like something the more you are exposed to it

45
Q

Who we like

A

those similar to us

46
Q

Bystander Effect

A

tendency for a bystander to be less likely to give aid if others are present

47
Q

Kitty Genovese

A

no one helped (bystander effect) caused altruism studies

48
Q

Altruism

A

unselfish concern for the welfare of others

49
Q

Diffusion of Responsibility

A

person less likely to take responsibility for an event when others were present

50
Q

Schachter Two-Factor Theory

A

arousal + label = emotion

51
Q

Social Exchange Theory

A

self interest is the basis of human interaction; maximize benefits and minimize costs

52
Q

Reciprocity Norm

A

people help those who have helped them

53
Q

Social- Responsibility Norm

A

people will help those dependent on them

54
Q

Conflict

A

perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas; include social traps and distorted perceptions

55
Q

Social Trap

A

situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their own self interest, both become involved in mutually destructive behavior

56
Q

Self- Fulfilling Prophecy

A

a prediction about an event that a person believes will come true so they work to make it that way

57
Q

Superordinate Goals

A

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

58
Q

GRIT

A

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction; strategy designed to decrease international tensions; compromise

59
Q

Personality

A

??

60
Q

Regression

A

act a younger age

61
Q

Projection

A

hypocrite

62
Q

Law of Arousal

A

Yerkes- Dodson; hard task= low arousal and easy task= high arousal

63
Q

Relative Deprivation

A

perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves

64
Q

Need

A

food; physical neccessity

65
Q

Drive

A

hunger; fill the need

66
Q

Appetite Hormones

A

“GO” eat- Grhelin (stomach) and Orexin (thalamus) cause hunger. Leptin decreases hunger

67
Q

G factor

A

general intelligence factor

68
Q

Emotional Intellence

A

ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

69
Q

Cognitive Psych

A

study how we think, perceive and solve problems; thinking, knowing, remembering, communicating

70
Q

Protoype

A

mental image or best example of a category; quick and easy method for sorting items into categories; ex) a robin is a prototype for birds

71
Q

Category

A

?? a collection of things that are similar to one another

72
Q

Stages of Language

A
  • babbling
  • one word
  • two word, telegraphic
  • complete sentences
73
Q

Explicit Memory

A

memory of facts and experiences we can consciously know and declare

74
Q

Implicit Memory

A

retention without conscious recollection

75
Q

Iconic Memory

A

momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; lasting no more than a few tenths of a second

76
Q

Echoic Memory

A

momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli

77
Q

Ebbinghaus’ Retention Curve

A

remember better with rehersal

78
Q

Generalization

A

tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned response

79
Q

N/CS Pairing

A

N should be 1/2 sec before CS

80
Q

Instinctive Drift

A

??

81
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time

82
Q

Relative Size

A

two objects far away, the one with a smaller retinal image is farther away

83
Q

Developmental Psych

A

studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout lifespan; womb to tomb

84
Q

Piaget

A

Sensorimotor (senses and actions), preoperational (words and images), concrete operational (logic), formal operational (abstract reasoning)

85
Q

Erikson

A

?? teens= identity vs role confusion

86
Q

Kohlberg

A

Preconventional (punishment), conventional (social and laws), postconventional (ethics)

87
Q

Medulla

A

base of brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing

88
Q

Cerebellum

A

“little brain”; processes sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance

89
Q

Amygdala

A

linked to emotion/ aggression

90
Q

Thalamus

A

directs messages to sensory receiving areas in cortex and transmits replies to cerebellum and medulla

AP Psychology (5 decks)

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