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Semester 5 > Semester 5 Nursing deck 2 > Flashcards

Semester 5 Nursing deck 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 most common signs/symptoms of child bronchiolitis ?

A
  1. Fever (due to infection)
  2. Coughing (due to mucus)
  3. Wheezing (due to air rushing through narrowed bronchioles)
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2
Q

Define the term ‘air trapping’ in bronchiolitis

A

Air trapping occurs when dying cells (known as necrotic tissue) in the bronchioles slough off into the alveoli. This necrotic tissue begins to form a mass within the alveoli, and when the child breathes in the mass is pushed away from the bronchiole (this is ok) however when the child breathes out the mass moves up and blocks the alveoli meaning air cannot exit ‘traps the air’. This causes the alveoli to retain oxygen and grow larger as the oxygen is not escaping, resulting in lung expansion and hypoxemia due to oxygen mismatch from excess O2 (ventilation/perfusion miss match).

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3
Q

What are the two main compensatory mechanisms the child body will use when air trapping occurs?

A

Increase heart rate (to compensate for hypoxemia)

Increase resp rate (to compensate for hypoxia)

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4
Q

Bronchiolitis and the compensatory mechanisms results in _____ and eventually _____ when the child’s brain begins shutting down other body systems so that the main ones are supplied with oxygen.

A

Fatigue - Lethargy

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5
Q

What are the 3 diagnostic tests for bronchiolitis?

A

Virology studies (nasal swab)
Blood gases
X-ray (lung expansion)

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6
Q

Name some of the aspects of managing bronchiolitis e.g. humidified oxygen

A

Vital signs, hydration, mouth cares, infection control, nebulisers/inhalers, high flow CPAP

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7
Q

If the child has oxygen saturations <90, apnoea/bradycardia, exhaustion, and reduced level of consciousness they should be admitted to?

A

Intensive care unit

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8
Q

Is it your duty as a nurse to notify the appropriate authorities if child abuse is suspected? yes/no and if so, should the nurse assess the partner for abuse also?

A

Yes and yes

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9
Q

What does CAPE stand for?

A

Child advisory protection and education

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10
Q

Which 2 authorities should child abuse/neglect be reported too?

A

Child youth and family (CYF) and the police

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11
Q

What year is the vulnerable children’s Act?

A

2014

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12
Q

The vulnerable children’s act is targeted toward ensuring ____ ______ services have child protection policies in place e.g. all workers need to have a check before caring for children

A

Early learning

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13
Q

What percentage of women experience physical or sexual abuse in their lifetime?

A

30-40%

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14
Q

What percentage of family violence is actually reported ?

A

18%

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15
Q

What are some of the health consequences of violence (physical, mental or sexual?)

A 
Poor health status 
PTSD
Long term injuries 
Chronic pain 
Gynaecological issues e.g. trauma/STI 
Mental ill health- anxiety and depression 
Suicidality 
Sleep disturbances
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16
Q

When women are being hurt is it likely that _____ and ____ are being abused too

A

Children and pets

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17
Q

Name 2 referals that could be made for women who have been abused?

A

Councillor

Womens refuge

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18
Q

What does BATOMMI stand for?

A

Behaviour, Affect, Thoughts, orientation, memory, mood, insight/judgement

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19
Q

In BATOMMI what does Affect encorperate?

A

Affect is the way that the person expressed their emotions (what others can see) e.g. appropriate affect, flat affect (absence of emotional expression) and inappropriate affect (emotional feelings of situation dont match e.g. laughing about someone dying)

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20
Q

The T of BATOMMI- Thought can include delusions, hallucinations, religious beliefs, and nihilistic beliefs , true for false?

A

True

Remember nihilistic = believe they are dead or empty or that disaster is about to happen

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21
Q

What examination is used as an extension of BATOMMI?

A

Mental status examination

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22
Q

Between what ages are children most vulnerable to developing a mental disorder ?

A

15- 18 years

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23
Q

True or false, 50% of children with a mentally ill parent are at risk of developing a mental disorder ?

A

True!

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24
Q

When a child does not establish a healthy attachment/relationship to parents or caregivers due to basic needs of nurture not being met or abuse it is known as _____ ______ disorder

A

Reactive attachment disorder

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25
Q

When a child is diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) it is when they are?

A

significantly disobedient toward authority figures ‘naughty child’ which has to last more than 6 months

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26
Q

Name 3 types of eating disorders?

A
  1. Anorexia nervosa
  2. Bulimia nervosa
  3. Binge eating disorder
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27
Q

In autism disorder children usually have problems with?

A

Communication, interaction and language

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28
Q

Children with asperges syndrome usually have problems with

A

Behaviour, socialisation and communication

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29
Q

Children with asperges have a normal/below average IQ and children with autism have a normal/below average IQ?

A

Asperges have a normal IQ

Autism children have lower IQ.

30
Q

What does the HEEADSS assessment stand for?

A 
Home environment 
Education/employment 
Eating/exercise 
Activities and peer relationships 
Drugs and alcohol 
Sexuality - sexual relationships 
Suicidality
31
Q

What scale may the nurse use to prompt a young person to discuss their substance abuse?

A

Substances and choices scale (SACS)

32
Q

What is the non medical name for pertussis ?

A

Whooping cough

33
Q

Diphtheria is a preventable infection (via vaccine) of the ____ and ____

A

Nose and throat

34
Q

What vaccine preventable disease causes paralysis ?

A

Polio

35
Q

Rotovirus effects which organ?

A

The intestine

36
Q

Which of the MMR presents and a red rash?

A

Rubella

37
Q

The HPV infection causes ____ on various body parts ?

A

Warts

38
Q

The 2 most common presentations of meningococcal infection are infection of the ________ and the _______

A

Meningies and the blood

39
Q

What are the two most common preventable diseases by vaccine?

A

Measles and Pertussis

40
Q

At what age to infants get their first MMR vaccine?

A

15 Months old

41
Q

How to vaccines work on the immune system?

A

They strengthen the immune system enhancing the immune responce to certain organisms

42
Q

What receptor in the brain does nicotine work on ?

A

The nicotine acetylcholine receptor

43
Q

What neurotransmitters does smoking increase?

A

Dopamine, noradrenaline and seretonin

44
Q

Why does a persons heart rate increase when they smoke? think of the neurotransmitters

A

Because there is an increase in noradrenaline increased HR, RR and the reward system

45
Q

Extrapyramidal symptoms caused by typical antipsychotic medications include?

A

Acute dyskinesias such as akathesia (restlessness) and dyskinesia (impairment of voluntary movement)

46
Q

Is haloperidol an atypical or typical antipsychotic ?

A

Typical

47
Q

Clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone and quetiapine are typical antipsychotics, true or false?

A

False they are atypical

48
Q

Which neurotransmitter do SSRI’s increase in the brain?

A

Seretonin

49
Q

Which neurotransmitters do SNRIs increase in the brain?

A

Seretonin and noradrenaline

50
Q

Name one SSRI and one SNRI medication

A

Citalopram and Venlafaxine

51
Q

Seretonin syndrome occurs when a person has too ____ seretonin

A

Much

52
Q

What form of antidepressant is amitryptaline?

A

Tricyclic antidepressant- these are not used as commonly as SSRIs and SNRIs due to side effects but have similar mode of action as SNRIs

53
Q

If a person is suffering from insomnia or anxiety and need temporary relief what type of medication would be prescribed

A

Benzodiazepine such as clonazepam or lorazepam

54
Q

Benzodiazepines are only prescribed for 2-4 weeks as they often result in _______

A

dependence

55
Q

Cholenesterase inhibitors are commonly used for alzheimers disease, why?

A

Because they inhibit cholinesterase (enzymes) from breaking down acetylcholine which is the neurotransmitter responsible for memory causing more to be in the synaptic cleft.

56
Q

Name one cholenesterase inhibitor

A

Donepezil (Aricpet) Rivastigmine or galantamine (reminyl)

57
Q

What does ‘perinatal mental health’ mean?

A

Perinatal = the time around birth (conception, delivery and postpartum)

58
Q

If women are suffering from _____ to _____ mental health they are often referred to mental health services

A

Moderate to severe mental health with mood disturbances

59
Q

If a woman has significant drug and alcohol problems do they meet the criteria to be referred to the perinatal mental health team?

A

No!

60
Q

The baby blues have a
A. 20-40 % prevalence
B. 50-85% prevalence
C. 40-80% prevalence ?

A

B. 50-85% prevalence

61
Q

Two symptoms of post partum psychosis are?

A

Hallucinations and delusional thinking

62
Q

Bipolar disorder is characterised by?

A

Severe mood swings (depression to hypo-mania to mania)

63
Q

Sandy is pregnant and has bipolar disorder, what is her likely % that she will develop post partum psychosis ?

A

50%

64
Q

What is the most common medication used to treat bipolar disorder?

A

Lithium however other medications like antipsychotics and antidepressants may also be used

65
Q

Is post partum psychosis a medical emergency?

A

Yes

66
Q

What year was the mental health act published?

A

1992

67
Q

The mental health act (1992) covers situations when treatment is needed for mental illness but the person will not consent to this True or false?

A

True

68
Q

How many patient rights are there?

A

10!

69
Q

What is the role of a duly authorised officer ?

A

Usually nurses or social workers, who inform the public and patients about what services are available

70
Q

True or false, a district inspector is a lawyer appointed by the MOH?

A

True

71
Q

Who must sign off the application when applying for someone to be put under the MH act?

A

GP/doctor

72
Q

Can a student nurse over the age of 18 and who has seen the patient in the last 72 hours perform a section 8a (application)

A

Yes

Semester 5 (3 decks)

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