Semester 3 Drug List Flashcards
What is Phenylephrine?
Alpha Agonists
Oral , IV , Topical , Opthalmic and Nasal
Selective A1 Agonist
Vasoconstriction
Peripheral Vascular Resistance is increased and blood pressure is maintained or elevated. Bradycardia due to Baro Reflex
Contraction of Radial Muscle
Nasal Decongestant
Hemorrhoids
Mydriasis: Dilate the Pupils
Hypotension During Anesthesia
Cardiogenic Shock due to: Aortic Stenosis , Dynamic Left Ventricular Oitflow obstruction
Not for Septic Shock
What is Clonidine?
Alpha 2 Agonist
Oral , Epidural and Transdermal Patch
Selective A2 Agonist
Hypotension at Low Doses:CNS A2
Hypertension at Very High Doses: P A2
Hypertension
Pain Management
Drowsiness , Fatigue and Headache
Xerostomia
What is Apraclonidine?
Selective Alpha 2 Agonist
Opthalmic
Does not cross the blood brain barrier
No CNS Effects
Decrease in Aqueous Humor Production
Reduction of Intraocular Pressure
What is Dobutamine?
Selective B1 Agonist
IV
More prominent inotropic than chronotropic effect.
Increases Contractility and CO with no change to Heart Rate
Short Term Management of Cardiac Decompensation
Patients after cardiac surgery
Congestive Heart Failure
Acute MI
What is Albuterol and Terbutaline?
Selective B2 Agonist
IV , Oral and Inhalational
Relax Bronchial Smooth Muscle and Decrease Airway Resistance
Suppress the Release of Leukotrienes and Histamine from Mast Cells
Enhance Mucociliary Function and Decrease Microvascular Permeability
Increase uptake of K+ by skeletal muscle
Bronchospasm and Hyperkalemia
Tremors and Tachycarida
Do not use with:
Glaucoma
Diabetes
Hypokalemia
Seizures
What is Isoproterenol?
Nonselective B Agonist
IV
Lower peripheral vascular resistance (B2)
Systolic Blood Pressure is Unchanged(B1)
MAP is Decreased
Positive Inotrope and Chronotrope
Bronchodilation
Bradycardia
Ventricular Arrhythmias due to AV Nodal Block
Beta Blocker Overdose
What is Mirabegron?
B3 Selective Agonist
Oral
Detrusor Muscle Relaxation and Increased Bladder Capacity
Incontinence
What is Epinephrine?
Agonist at A1 , A1 , B1 and B2
IV, IM , SubQ , Inhalation , Endotracheal and Topical
Rapidly Metabolized by COMT and MAO in the Liver
Does not cross the Blood Brain Barrier
SA Node: Increase HR
AV Node: Increase in Automaticity and Conduction and Contractility and Decrease Refractoriness
Atria and Ventricles: Same as Above with Contractility
Cardiace Efficiency: Less oxygen consumption
CO enchanced
Low Dose: Decrease in BP (B2)
Medium Dose
Sys BP Increased
Dys Decreased
Pulse Pressure Increases
No Baroreceptor
High Dose
Sys and Dys increases (Alpha)
Vessels
Vasoconstriction in cutaneous , GI and Renal (A1)
Vasodilation of Skeletal Muscle
GI Tract
Relaxtation
Bladder
Relax the detrusor muscle (B2)
Constriction of Internal Spincter (A1)
Metabolic
Insulin Secreation is Inhibited
Elevated Glucose and Lactose
Glycogenolysis and Gluconeogenesis
Increase in Free fatty acids (B)
Eye
Mydriasis
Used For:
Anaphylaxis , Type 1 Allergic Reaction
Cardiac Arrest Rythm
Topically to prevent bleeding
Prolong Anesthetics
Intraocular Surgery
What is Norepinephrine?
A1 , A2 and B1 Agonist
IV
COMT and MAO
No Blood Brain Barrier
Cardiovascular
Sys and Dys Increase
CO is unchanged or decrease
Peripheral Resistance Increase
B1 effect overidden by Baroreceptor
Used for:
Hypotension/Shock
First Choice drug for the treatment of cardiogenic shock and septic shock
Greater BP then Epi
Bradycardia
Reduce blood flow to kidney and intestines
What is Dopamine?
D1 and Adrenergic(B1) Agonist
IV
MAO and COMT
Low Dose
Vasodilation in renal , mesenteric and coronary beds
Increase GFR and Na Secretion
Medium Dose
Increase stroke volume and HR (B1)
High Dose
Increase systemic vascular resistance , splanchnic and renal blood flow decrease (A1)
Used For:
Heart Failure in patient with low urine (Oliguria) and low or normal Peripheral Resistance
What is Tyramine?
False Neurotransmitter
Adrenergic Neurons uptake were it becomes Octopamine
Gradually Displaces Norepinephrine
Found in cheese , red wine and fermented foods
MAO inhibiter causes sympathomimetic actions
What is Methyldopa?
False Neurotransmitter taken up by Adrenergic Neurons
Transformed to Methylnorepinephrine (A2 Agonist)
Hypertension for Pregnant Women
Similar to Clonidine
What are Amphetamines?
Stimulate the release of monoamines
Serotonine , Norepinephrine , Dopamine
Blockade of Catecholamine Reuptake
Peripheral effects close to those of NorEpi
Euphoria and Increase ability to concentrate
What is Cocaine?
Blockade of reuptake of monoamines
NE , Dopamine and Serotonin
Inhibit Voltage gated Na+ Channels
Local Anesthetic
Peripheral effects are very close to those of NE
Central effects similar to those of amphetamines but are shorter lasting and more intense
What is Ephedrine?
Activation of A1 , A2 and B1 , B2
Ma Huang herbal medication
Enhanced release of NE from Adrenergic Neurons
Much lower potency
Longer duration of activation
Oral activity
Central effect lower then amphetamines
Anesthesia induced hypotension
Pseudoephedrine
