Semester 2 psychology: Developmental psychology - Social and Emotional development (Neonatal Period) Flashcards
What is temperament?
Temperament refers to an individual’s innate, biologically-based personality traits present from birth that tend to be relatively stable throughout life.
What does reactivity in temperament refer to?
Reactivity refers to an individual’s threshold for responding to environmental stimuli and the intensity of their response. Some people are highly reactive, with intense emotional reactions, while others are less reactive, remaining calm and slow to respond.
What is self-regulation in temperament?
Self-regulation refers to an individual’s ability to modulate and control their emotional, behavioral, and attentional responses. Some people have a high capacity for self-regulation, while others struggle to control their impulses and emotions.
What are the key dimensions used to describe temperament?
The key dimensions of temperament include:
- Extraversion/Introversion
- Neuroticism/Emotional Stability
Effortful Control - Urgency/Positive Emotionality
Negative Affectivity
What characterizes an “easy” temperament in children?
An “easy” temperament is characterized by being happy, adaptable, regular in routines, and easy to soothe.
What are the characteristics of a “difficult” temperament in children?
A “difficult” temperament is characterized by slow adaptation, distractibility, inflexibility, intense reactions, and frequent crying.
What are the key aspects of social and emotional development during the preschool period (ages 3-5)?
During the preschool years, children experience rapid social and emotional growth, developing a strong sense of self, learning to interact with peers, and beginning to understand complex emotions.
What are the traits of a “slow-to-warm-up” temperament?
A “slow-to-warm-up” temperament is characterized by slow adaptation to new situations and less intense reactions.
What is a key milestone in self-awareness for preschoolers?
A key milestone in self-awareness for preschoolers is developing a sense of self, including understanding their name, age, gender, and their physical and emotional characteristics.
What does emotional regulation involve for preschoolers?
For preschoolers, emotional regulation involves learning to identify, express, and manage their emotions, as well as developing strategies to cope with frustration and disappointment.
What are the milestones in empathy and perspective-taking for preschoolers?
Preschoolers start to understand the feelings of others and respond to the emotions of those around them.
What social skills do preschoolers typically develop?
Preschoolers learn to share, cooperate, and take turns. They also develop friendships and engage in imaginative play.
How does independence manifest in preschoolers?
Preschoolers become more independent in daily activities and begin to assert their preferences.
How does authoritative parenting influence social and emotional development?
Authoritative parenting, characterized by warmth, responsiveness, and clear expectations, tends to foster healthy social and emotional development.
How do peer interactions influence social development in preschoolers?
Play with other children is crucial for developing social skills, learning to share, and cooperating.
