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Psychology - neuropsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is neuropsychology?

A

Links relationship between brain and mind.

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2
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

The nervous system is a network of nerves and cells that transmit signals throughout the body, coordinating actions and sensory information. It includes the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (nerves outside the CNS).

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3
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A

The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. It processes and interprets sensory information and coordinates the body’s responses and activities.

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4
Q

What are the different parts of the hindbrain?

A
  • Medulla oblongata.
  • Pons.
  • Cerebellum.
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5
Q

What is the medulla oblongata?

A

The medulla oblongata is the lower part of the brainstem that connects the brain to the spinal cord. It controls vital involuntary functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

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6
Q

What is the pons?

A

The pons is a structure located in the brainstem that plays a role in connecting different parts of the brain, regulating sleep, breathing, and other vital functions.

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7
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

The cerebellum, located at the back of the brain, is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture.

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8
Q

What is the reticular formation?

A

The reticular formation is a network of neurons in the brainstem involved in regulating arousal, sleep-wake cycles, and attention.

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9
Q

What is the parts of the midbrain?

A

Reticular formation.

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10
Q

What is the forebrain made of?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system basal ganglia and frontal lobe.

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11
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

Processes incoming sensory information relaying it to the appropriate area of the brain for further processing.

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12
Q

What is the function hypothalamus?

A

Controls the pituitary gland and links with the endocrine system.

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13
Q

What is the limbic system made up of? State the parts’ functions.

A
  1. Amygdala: responsible for recognising fear in other people and feeling fear.
  2. Hippocampus: responsible for certain kinds of memory.
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14
Q

What is the function basal ganglia?

A

Involved in movement, mood and memory.

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15
Q

What is the frontal lobe?

A

The frontal lobe, located at the front of the brain, is involved in higher cognitive functions such as decision-making, problem-solving, planning, and personality expression.

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16
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system.

A

The nerve structures that lie outside the brain and spinal cord.

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17
Q

How does the peripheral nervous system work?

A
  1. Receives information from the environment through the sensory receptors and sends this information to the central nervous system.
  2. Takes info from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands, giving them directions on how and when to act or move.
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18
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

The autonomic nervous system (a division of the peripheral nervous system) controls involuntary bodily functions like heart rate, digestion, and breathing, maintaining internal balance without conscious effort.

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19
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

A

The sympathetic nervous system is a branch of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the “fight or flight” response, mobilizing the body’s resources during stress or emergencies by increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, and redirecting blood flow to muscles.

20
Q

What is the parasympathetic system?

A

The parasympathetic nervous system is another branch of the autonomic nervous system that works in opposition to the sympathetic nervous system. It’s responsible for the “rest and digest” response, conserving energy and promoting relaxation by slowing heart rate, stimulating digestion, and constricting pupils.

21
Q

What is the somatic system?

A

The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements and senses external stimuli, enabling conscious actions like walking and talking.

22
Q

What do the dendrites do?

A

Receives messages

23
Q

What is the soma?

A

metabolic centre of the cell.

24
Q

What is the axon hillock?

A

Integrating synaptic inputs and generating action potential.

25
Q

What does the myelin sheath do?

A

Helps speed up the propagation of electrical signals doen the axon, and it prevents current from leaking out the axon.

26
Q

What is the key role of dopamine?

A

Motivation, pleasure, reward and muscle control.

27
Q

What diseases do you contract if your dopamine production is too high or too low?

A

Too high: Schizophrenia
Too low: Parkinson’s disease.

28
Q

What is norepinephrine involved with?

A

Involved with mood, sleep, eating and arousal.

29
Q

What is serotonin involved with?

A

Involved in mood, sleep, eating and arousal.

30
Q

What happens if serotonin is too low?

A

You become depressed.

31
Q

What is Acetylcholine (ACH) involved with?

A

Involuntary muscle movement and learning and memory.

32
Q

What happens if ACH is too low?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

33
Q

What is Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) involved with?

A

A neurotransmitter that acts as an inhibitory signal in the brain, helping to reduce excitability and promote relaxation.

34
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

The endocrine system is a network of glands and organs that produce and release hormones, which regulate numerous bodily functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, and response to stress.

35
Q

What is the pituitary gland?

A

The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, produces and releases hormones that regulate various bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response.

36
Q

What is the thyroid gland?

A

The thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces hormones that regulate metabolism and energy levels in the body.

37
Q

What happens if your thyroid is under active?

A

You become apathetic, sluggish and despondency.

38
Q

What is the adrenal gland?

A

The adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of each kidney. They produce hormones that regulate various bodily functions, including metabolism, immune response, blood pressure, and stress response.

39
Q

What are the two types of adrenal glands?

A
  1. Adrenal Cortex: regulates salts and carbohydrate metabolism.
  2. Adrenal Medulla: fight or flight.
40
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Regulates levels of insulin and blood sugar.

41
Q

What do the ovaries and testes do?

A

Responsible for sexual behaviour, the development of the reproductive hormones, and physical growth.

42
Q

What is the function of the broca’s area?

A

Broca’s area, located in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere of the brain, controls speech production.

43
Q

What is the function of the wernicke’s area?

A

Wernicke’s area, situated in the left hemisphere’s temporal lobe, processes language comprehension and assigns meaning to words and sentences.

44
Q

What is computerised tomographic scan (CT)

A

Uses X-rays and computer processing to create detailed cross-sectional images of the brain and body.

45
Q

What is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?

A

A technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of the brain and body.

46
Q

What is Functional MRI?

A

Measures and maps brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow.

psychology (14 decks)

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