Semester 2- Metabolism Flashcards
When does refeeding syndrome occur?
When a severely malnourished patient is given nutritional support
In refeeding syndrome why does the patient experience high ammonia toxicity after eating?
Enzymes of the urea cycle have been down regulated
What deficiency does a patient with phenylketonuria have?
A deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase
What characteristic will a patients urine have if the patient has PKU?
Urine will have musty smell from accumulation phenylketones
How is PKU treated?
Low phenylalanine diet: avoid artificial sweeteners and high protein foods
What is homocystinuria?
Genetically recessive disorder where there’s a problem in methionine leading to excessive homocystine
How is homocystinuria treated?
Low methionine diet avoiding animal products and nuts. Also taking cysteine and other supplements
What consequences can there be from excessive glycogen stores versus diminished glycogen stores?
Excessive stores: tissue damage
Diminished stores: hypoglycaemia and poor exercise intolerance
What are two glycogen storage diseases?
Von Gierke’s disease (glucose-6-phosphate deficiency)
McArdle’s disease (glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
What is hyperlipoproteinaemia?
Raised lipoprotein plasma levels from either increased production or decreased removal
What is hyper cholesterolaemia?
High levels of cholesterol in the plasma
what are three signs of hypercholesterolaemia?
Xanthelasma, tendon xanthoma, corneal arcus
What is xanthelasma?
Yellow patches on the eyelids caused by cholesterol deposits
What is tendon xanthoma?
Nodules on the tendons from high cholesterol
What is corneal arcus?
An obvious white circle around the iris, in younger people may indicate hypercholesterolaemia
