Semester 2- CVS Flashcards
What is mitral stenosis?
Narrowing of the mitral valve making it more difficult for blood to travel from left atrium to left ventricle
What is the biggest causes of mitral stenosis?
Rheumatic fever
What is mitral regurgitation?
A leaky alveoli allowing blood to leak back into the left atrium from the left ventricle
What is transposition of the great arteries?
When the aorta is connected to the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk connected to the left ventricle
What are the the four features which make up the tetralogy of fallot?
Ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, over riding aorta and right ventricle hypertrophy
What is coarctation of the aorta?
Congenital narrowing of the descending aorta
What are some complications of hypertension?
Ischaemic heart disease, cerebral vascular ischaemia/ haemorrhage, retinopathy, neuropathy and heart failure
What medications are used for hypertension which fit with the mnemonic ABCD?
ACE inhibitors, Beta blockers, Calcium channel blockers, Diuretics
What blood pressure readings indicate stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension?
Stage 1: >140/90
Stage 2: >160/100
How would a 1st degree heart block appear on an ECG?
Greater than normal PR intervals
How do the two types of 2nd degree heart block appear differently on ECG?
In type 1 the PR interval progressively increase until there is an absence of the QRS complex
In type 2 the PR are greater than normal but there is no progressive increase and there will be random absent QRS complexes
How will 3rd degree (complete) heart block appear on an ECG?
There is no relationship between the P waves and QRS complexes
What is atrial fibrillation?
Contraction of the atria is uncoordinated, rapid and irregular from disorganised electrical activity from ectopic sites in atria
How does atrial fibrillation appear on an ECG?
Absence of P waves
