Semester 2 Exam Year 11

Question 1

What is Primary Storage?

Answer 1

Stores data and programs that need to be instantly accessible to the CPU. It is located on the motherboard.

Question 2

What are the three types of Primary Storage?

Answer 2

RAM, ROM, Cache

Question 3

What is RAM?

Answer 3

Random Access Memory (also known as main memory) is the memory in a computer that is used to store data and instructions temporarily. RAM is emptied every time the computer is turned off. It is also known as volatile memory.

Question 4

What is ROM?

Answer 4

Read Only Memory is a form of non-volatile memory. This means that its data content persists even when the power to the device is turned off. ROM is used to store permanent data such as booting the computer and checking for input and output devices.

Question 5

What is Cache?

Answer 5

Cache is temporary storage area used to store program instructions that are frequently re-referenced by software during operation.

Question 6

What are the three types of Cache?

Answer 6

L1 – Small capacity, located on CPU
L2 – Slower than L1, larger capacity
L3 – Located on motherboard, slowest

Question 7

What is Secondary Storage?

Answer 7

Secondary storage is the use of a storage device not located on the computer’s motherboard. It is a form of non-volatile memory, meaning the data is retained even when the power is switched off. Data and programs that are not running on a CPU are stored in secondary storage.

Question 8

What are three types of Secondary Storage?

Answer 8

Magnetic Disk
SSD
Optical Disk

Question 9

What is an input device?

Answer 9

Any piece of hardware which is used to enter data or content into a computer system.

Question 10

What is an output device?

Answer 10

A piece of hardware that sends data or information to the user.

Question 11

What is a processing device?

Answer 11

Parts of the computer that run programs, read input, and supply output. They include the CPU and the GPU.

Question 12

What is the CPU?

Answer 12

The CPU is a microchip that is installed on a motherboard and acts as the computer’s brain - performing calculations and coordinating the hardware components. The CPU is made up of the main memory, the control unit, and the arithmetic logic unit.

Question 13

What is the control unit?

Answer 13

A component of a computer’s CPU that directs the operation of the processor. There are two registers in the control unit. The instruction registers and the program counter.

Question 14

What is a register?

Answer 14

Small amounts of high-speed memory contained within the CPU. They are used by the processor to store small amounts of data that are needed during processing.

Question 15

What is the program counter?

Answer 15

A register that manages the memory address of the instruction to be executed next.

Question 16

What is the arithmetic logic unit?

Answer 16

A circuit in a computer’s central processing unit that performs basic mathematical calculations

Question 17

What is the GPU?

Answer 17

Graphics processing unit, a specialized processor originally designed to accelerate graphics rendering.

Question 18

What is the concept of boot process?

Answer 18

The process of starting the computer. First, the power supply sends signal to components in the system unit. Then, the processor finds the ROM chip that contain BIOS for the first instruction in the start-up program. The BIOS then performs POST to check if all the hardware is working. The results are then compared with the data on the CMOS chip. The BIOS then checks for system files on a USB or CD or DVD and then on the hard disk. The system files are then loaded into the RAM. The OS is then loaded and shown on the screen.

Question 19

What is a bit?

Answer 19

A bit is a binary digit, the smallest increment of data on a computer. A bit can hold only one of two values: 0 or 1.

Question 20

What is a byte?

Answer 20

A byte consists of 8 bits. The basic unit of information in computer storage.

Question 21

Kilobyte?

Answer 21

Consists of 1000 bytes.

Question 22

Megabyte?

Answer 22

Consists of 1000 kilobytes.

Question 23

Gigabyte?

Answer 23

Consists of 1000 megabytes.

Question 24

Terabyte?

Answer 24

Consists of 1000 gigabytes.

Question 25

What is standard operating environment?

Answer 25

A specific computer operating system and collection of software. Used to manage lots of computers to reduce complexity.

Question 26

What is the fetch execute cycle?

Answer 26

Fetches the instruction, decodes the instruction, executes the instruction, and then stores the data.

Question 27

What is diagnosis of fault?

Answer 27

An action of identifying a malfunctioning system based on observing its behaviour.

Question 28

What are preventative maintenance measures?

Answer 28

The regular and systematic inspection, cleaning, and replacement of worn parts, materials, and systems.

Question 29

What is purpose of an ICT code of conduct?

Answer 29

Ensures the behaviour and actions of each person using a computer is up to a certain standard.

Question 30

What is the privacy act of 1988?

Answer 30

a law which regulates the collection, use, storage and disclosure of personal information

Question 31

What is piracy in terms of ICT?

Answer 31

illegally copying, distributing and use of software.

Question 32

What is a way that you can prevent piracy?

Answer 32

Licensing your work.

Question 33

What are the 6 steps in SDLC?

Answer 33

1. Preliminary analysis
2. Analysis
3. Design
4. Development
5. Implementation
6. Evaluation & Maintenance

Question 34

What is preliminary analysis?

Answer 34

Define the problem of the system. Once completed allocate resources and prioritize tasks. Create a feasibility report to test if the project can be done.

Question 35

What is analysis?

Answer 35

define the project goals based off the client or end-user’s needs

Question 36

What is design?

Answer 36

design both the physical and logical parts of the system

Question 37

What is development?

Answer 37

gather the resources and build and test the system

Question 38

What is implementation?

Answer 38

Implement the new system.

Question 39

What is evaluate and maintenance?

Answer 39

Evaluate the performance of the system to make sure the new system is working and fits the requirements from the pre-analysis and analysis stages.
Then conduct fault findings and make corrections.

Question 40

What is a context diagram?

Answer 40

a diagram used to show the high-level processes of a system

Question 41

What is a process represented by?

Answer 41

A circle

Question 42

What is an external entity represented by?

Answer 42

A rectangle

Question 43

What is a data store represented by?

Answer 43

Two parallel straight lines

Question 44

What is a data flow represented by?

Answer 44

A straight line with an arrow head in the direction of the flow.