Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Computer Science > Computer Science Exam Revision > Flashcards

Computer Science Exam Revision Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Random Access Memory (RAM)

A

A primary storage that is volatile and temporarily keeps data for quick and convenient access. Once the computer is turned off the data is wiped.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Read Only Memory (ROM)

A

A primary storage that is non-volatile and permanently keeps data. The data stays when the computer is turned off. Used for things like start up applications. Cannot be overwritten.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cache

A

A primary storage that is also used to keep data temporarily for conveniency. There are three types of cache: L1 (has a small capacity but is the fastest), L2 (has a larger capacity compared to L1 but is slower), L3 (Located on the motherboard and is the slowest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mechanical Disk

A

A circular piece of metal or plastic that is coated with a magnetic material. It is a secondary storage. Uses random access to retrieve data so data can be found without going through previous data and is faster.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Solid State Drive (SSD)

A

A secondary storage that is used to store data. It is an upgraded version of the HDD as it does not have any moving parts and is more durable. It uses flash memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Primary Storage

A

Stores data and programs that need to be instantly accessible to the CPU. It is located on the motherboard.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Secondary Storage

A

Stores data and programs that can be retrieved anytime. Not located on the motherboard.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Input

A

The parts that is used to send information to the computer. E.g.: Keyboard, mouse, controller.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Output

A

The parts that is used by the computer to send information to the user. E.g.: Headphones, monitors, speakers, printer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Processing

A

Parts of the computer that run programs, read input, and supply output. They include the CPU and the GPU.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Concept of boot process

A

The process of starting the computer. First, the power supply sends signal to components in the system unit. Then, the processor finds the ROM chip that contain BIOS for the first instruction in the start-up program. The BIOS then performs POST to check if all the hardware is working. The results are then compared with the data on the CMOS chip. The BIOS then checks for system files on a USB or CD or DVD and then on the hard disk. The system files are then loaded into the RAM. The OS is then loaded and shown on the screen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

POST

A

Power On Self Test, is a diagnostic testing sequence that a computers BIOS runs to see if all the hardware works on the computer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

BIOS

A

Basic Input Output System. A chip that is used to communicate between the processor and other hardware so the pieces in the computer know how to work together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CMOS

A

Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor. A chip used to store the BIOS settings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bit

A

A bit is a binary digit, the smallest increment of data on a computer. A bit can hold only one of two values: 0 or 1.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Byte

A

A byte consists of 8 bits. The basic unit of information in computer storage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Kilobyte

A

Consists of 1000 bytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Megabyte

A

Consists of 1000 kilobytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gigabyte

A

Consists of 1000 megabytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Terabyte

A

Consists of 1000 gigabytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Standard operating environment (SOE)

A

A specific computer operating system and collection of software. Used to manage lots of computers to reduce complexity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

A

The brain of the computer. It receives input information and completes commands from other hardware and software. The CPU is made up of the main memory, the control unit, and the arithmetic logic unit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

A

A circuit in a computer’s central processing unit that performs basic mathematical calculations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Control Unit (CU)

A

A component of a computer’s CPU that directs the operation of the processor. There are two registers in the control unit. The instruction register and the program counter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Registers

A

Registers are small amounts of high-speed memory contained within the CPU. They are used by the processor to store small amounts of data that are needed during processing.

26
Q

Program Counter

A

A register that manages the memory address of the instruction to be executed next.

27
Q

System Clock

A

An electronic device in a computer that issues a steady high-frequency signal that synchronizes all the internal components.

28
Q

Data bus

A

Carries the data between the processor and other components.

29
Q

Address bus

A

An element in a computer CPU that transmits the location of stored information.

30
Q

Control bus

A

Carries control signals from the processor to other components.

31
Q

Concept of fetch-execute cycle

A

Fetches the instruction, decodes the instruction, executes the instruction, and then stores the data.

32
Q

Diagnosis of fault

A

An action of identifying a malfunctioning system based on observing its behaviour.

33
Q

Preventative maintenance measure

A

The regular and systematic inspection, cleaning, and replacement of worn parts, materials, and systems.

34
Q

What are the two types of RAM?

A

DRAM (dynamic) and SRAM (static).

35
Q

What does DRAM do?

A

Memory that must be constantly refreshed.

36
Q

What does SRAM do?

A

Memory that does not have to be updated or refreshed.

37
Q

What is the difference between Ram and Rom?

A

RAM can be read and written to, but ROM cannot. Ram is volatile while ROM is not.

38
Q

What are the three types of cache?

A

L1 small capacity (fastest), L2 slower than L1, L3 (slowest) .

39
Q

What is a Magnetic Disk?

A

A magnetic disk is a circular piece of metal or plastic, the surface of which has been coated with a thin layer of magnetic material.

40
Q

What is an optical disk?

A

A storage medium in which data is read and written using laser technology. E.g: CD, DVD.

41
Q

Data

A

Information gathered from observations.

42
Q

Database

A

A collection of organized data that allows access, retrieval, and use of data.

43
Q

Autonumber

A

Unique value generated by Access for each new record.

44
Q

Short Text

A

Alphanumeric data (names, titles, etc.) Limited to a maximum of 255 characters in length.

45
Q

Number

A

Numeric data.

46
Q

Currency

A

Monetary data, stored with 4 decimal places of precision.

47
Q

Long Text

A

Large amounts of alphanumeric data: sentences and paragraphs

48
Q

Date/Time

A

Dates and times.

49
Q

Yes/No

A

Boolean (true/false) data;

50
Q

Table

A

an object that is used to define and store data. made up of rows and columns. Also known as file, entity and relation.

51
Q

Field.

A

information related to a single person or thing. Also known as column or attribute.

52
Q

Record

A

a unit of data that includes every piece of information in a given row. Row or tuple.

53
Q

Report

A

used to display and print your data in an organized manner.

54
Q

Primary Key

A

values that uniquely identify each row in a table

55
Q

Foreign Key

A

a field in one table that references the primary key in another table.

56
Q

Relationship types

A

1 to 1, 1 to many, many to 1, many to many

57
Q

Atomic

A

Word used to describe a data item that cannot be broken down any further.

58
Q

data integrity

A

Consistency and validity of stored data

59
Q

data redundancy

A

Data that is unnecessarily repeated in a database

60
Q

Normalisation

A

The process of breaking down a relation into a number of smaller relations

Computer Science (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions