SEMESTER 1 FINAL-Q1 Flashcards
Henry VII
King of england, married to Katherine of aragon, wanted a son so divorced Katherine for Anne Boleyn, had to dissolve english ties to catholic church creating the anglican church which was very similar but dissolved monasteries and didn’t follow the guidance of the pope.
Calvinism
Puritans in 17th century america, believed in predestination, grace, and that they had a covenant with god. the elect were those that were saved, by predestination8
John Calvin
Migration to the new world
- english monarchs gave charters for settlements who were founded on religion, wealth, or politics.
- the reason to go included poverty, overcrowded europe, jail terms/debt, and the desire for religious freedom.
- the first european colony in the new world was plymouth in around 1620
Puritanism
- was affected by 17th century england, calvinism, and the new england environment.
- highly stratified society, closely related church and state (congressionalism), class system of england was accepted in new England
- plain style
Enlightenment
- late 1600s to 1700s, the “age of reason,”
- started in 1662 when the royal society founded the british scientific academy.
- newton (structured universe) and locke (who argued for the use of human reason) said the universe was an orderly system and man could understand it using reason.
- the world became comprehensible and benevolent, people paid less attention to nature, seeing every event as a divine message from old-fashioned
Deism
-valued progress from religion to science.
-america is becoming civilized; history moves not towards gods millennium but human progress resting on individual energy and character,
-humans = naturally good
-NO ORIGINAL SIN
harmonious universe and clock maker for a god, everything operates under rules
Quote by Alexander Pope
“Know then thyself, presume not God to scan, the proper study of mankind is man.”
John Locke
the mind is a blank slate at birth
no innate ideas of good or evil.
Poor Richard’s Almanac Aphorisms
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The Oversoul
the idea that humanity and nature share a universal soul, and everything is driven by this creative force
Transcendentalism
“philosophy based upon the doctrine that the principles of reality are to be discovered by the study of the processes of though, or a philosophy emphasizing the intuitive and spiritual above the empirical.” beliefs:
- Nature is fundamentally good.
- artists should invent new forms and not rely on tradition.
a. everything is alive, meaningful, and connected - individualism
- Intuition–basic truths come by way of intuition rather than the senses or reason
- Nature is symbolic–everything in nature is significant and symbolic of spirit.
- Oversoul–humanity and nature share a universal soul.
- Everyone can experience God firsthand.
- Principle: structure of the universe literally duplicated the structure of the individual self, and that all knowledge therefore beings with self-knowledge.
Concord, Massachusetts
the town in which the small, primary group of transcendentalists lived.
Romanticism
the philosophy focusing on intuition, imagination, nature and the individual.
Gothic???
“noting or pertaining to a style of literature characterized by a gloomy setting, grotesque, mysterious, or violent events, and an atmosphere of degeneration and decay. “The movement is vertical–it represents the mind, the “dungeon” being the subconscious (where real fear resides)
- The characters typically involved in a Gothic story are the dangerous man, the safe man, the wise old man, and the questing woman. The final element of Gothic literature is new life–think a birth or marriage.
- The movement has post-Roman influences, leaning towards Medieval. It is also largely influenced by Germanic fairy tales and castles (spooky, irregular architecture).
- Romantics used Gothic settings to represent the mind and what happens within an individual.
What happened to many Protestants during Queen Mary’s persecution?
They fled to Switzerland and Germany and absorbed radical Calvinist doctrines.
