Q1 final Enlightenment

Question 1

Dates of the Enlightenment and another name for it

Answer 1

late 1600s-1700s sometimes called the Age of Reason

Question 2

Newton and Locke argued…

Answer 2

that the universe was an orderly system and man could understand its laws by the application of reason

Question 3

People paid less attention to ___

Answer 3

religion–seeing every natural and human event as a message from God was now old-fashioned

Question 4

What is Deism?

Answer 4

the name given to Enlightenment religion in which religious superstition (that can’t be proved by scientific reason) is replaced by rational religion in which God becomes only a craftsman who set the machine (world) to run accordingly to its own natural and scientifically predicable laws

Question 5

Characteristics of Deism

Answer 5

1. values of progress (from religion -> science)
2. progress is advancing from barbarism to civilization
3. history advances
4. Assumed humans were naturally good- dumped notion of original sin
5. deduced the existence of God from the construction of the universe, not the bible
6. Everything operates under rules
7. Tabula Rosa
8. Not Puritan view of God’s hand -> Enlightenment view of God as a “clockmaker” or “watchman”

Question 6

Info on Ben Franklin

Answer 6

1. represents the spirit of the Enlightenment: self-educated man, dependent on 1st hand experience
2. Never denied existence of God; made room for exercise of human reason
3. Speculative about the nature of the universe, on religion which preferred to watch human behavior rather than debate unportable theology.

Question 7

What was the Enlightenment?

Answer 7

The one hundred plus years from the 1680s to the 1790s. The beginnings are marked in Britain by the Glorious Revolution in 1688 which repudiated Stuart autocracy and ushered in religious toleration. The End of the Enlightenment is best linked to the realization of its ideals in the revolutions of France and America in the last quarter of the 18th century which, of course, led to its own reaction seen in the Romantic movement of the 19th century.

Question 8

Remember:

Answer 8

The Enlightenment ideas (reason, scientific process, individual liberties) were new.

Question 9

Some Major Enlightenment figures

Answer 9

Issac Newton, John Locke, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, Ben Franklin, Alexander Pope

Question 10

Beliefs of the Enlightenment

Answer 10

1. Human reason- not faith or tradition
2. Happiness: the new world of individualism and legitimacy of self-interest. Pursue your own happiness, but don’t interfere w/ others life, liberty, pursuit of happiness
3. Natural universe governed by rational scientific laws
4. Tabula Rosa
5. Government does not dictate moral or religious truth
6. Deism

Question 11

Thomas Paine’s Philosophy

Answer 11

Paine said

1) “I believe in one God, and no more; and I hope for happiness beyond this life.
2) I do not believe in the creed professed by the Jewish church, by the Roman church, by the Greek church, by the Turkish church, by the Protestant church, nor by any church that I know of. My own mind is my own church.
3) All national institutions of churches, whether Jewish, Christian or Turkish, appear to me no other than human inventions, set up to terrify and enslave mankind, and monopolize power and profit.”

Question 12

5 Saying from Poor Richard’s Almanac

Answer 12

1. There are no gains without pains.
2. One day is worth two tomorrows.
3. The proud hate pride—in others.
4. Necessity never made a good bargain.
5. He that speaks much is much mistaken.

Question 13

Extra Credit Question

Answer 13

“Knowing then thyself, presume not God to scan,/The proper study of mankind is man”

• Alexander Pope