Semester 1 Final

Question 1

5 examples of matter

Answer 1

Calculator
Book
Desk
Shoe
Car

Question 2

What is chemistry?

Answer 2

Chemistry is the study of matter and how it interacts, what its structure is and what properties it has

Question 3

List the 3 states of matter –from least atomic connection to greatest atomic connection

Answer 3

Gasses – Liquids – Solids

Question 4

What are the differences between Matter and Energy?

Answer 4

Matter has mass and volume in which it has atoms and can be weight, but energy cannot be weighed and has no atoms, mass and volume

Question 5

Explain why gasses can be easily be compressed, but solids cannot.

Answer 5

Gasses can be easily compressed because the atoms are not bound together and are moving rapidly while solids cannot be compressed as much as gasses can because in solids, atoms are tightly packed together and they are moving very littl

Question 6

List the 3 states of matter from most rapid atomic movement to least atomic movement.

Answer 6

Gasses – Liquids – Solids

Question 7

List the three forms of energy discussed in class.

Answer 7

Electricity ~ Light ~ Heat

Question 8

What is sublimation

Answer 8

When one state of matter gets skipped together

Question 9

What is a phase change

Answer 9

A change in the state of matter of a substance

Question 10

Explain why a pot of water will boil and turn to steam if it is heated.

Answer 10

A pot of after will boil and turn to steam when it is heated bc when you add more energy the atoms will move faster and faster. When the atoms move faster the bonds between atoms will break. The kinetic energy increases when you add energy. Atoms are like water molecules, when they are heated, they move faster and break bonds

Question 11

Matter can be divided into 3 different categories, what are they?

Answer 11

Solids – Liquids – Gasses

Question 12

What is a mixture

Answer 12

2 or more elements or compounds in the same place but not chemically combined

Question 13

What are solids?

Answer 13

Solids have a definite shape, keep their shape and cannot be compressed

Question 14

What are liquids?

Answer 14

Liquids shape changes to fit to its container and can be compressed a bit

Question 15

What are gasses

Answer 15

Gasses have no true shape, expand to fill container. Can be compressed

Question 16

Water will always be H2O. No matter where you find it it will be 2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen. If it isn’t then it isn’t water

Question 17

Explain the difference between an element, compound and a mixture

Answer 17

An element is the simplest form of matter while a compound is made up of specific elements chemically combined. A mixture is two or more elements or compounds in the same place but not chemically combined.

Question 18

List 3 characteristics of compounds

Answer 18

1) the elements of a compound are always found in the same ratio
2) individual elements properties disappear when the compound is formed
3) compounds can be broken down into simpler substances

Question 19

What are two characteristics of all matter?

Answer 19

Has mass and has volume

Question 20

Explain the difference between intensive and extensive properties

Answer 20

Intensive properties has the same in all sizes of a substance. Extensive properties depend on the amount of a sample

Question 21

Describe how you know if a substance is going through a physical change

Answer 21

• no new substance is formed
• grinding
• magnetizing iron
• dissolving something

Question 22

Describe how you know if a substance is going through a chemical change

Answer 22

A new substance is formed

• a gas is produced
• a precipitate forms
• change in color
• change in temperature
• an odor is produced
• energy is produced

Question 23

The P-sublevel has how many orbitals

Answer 23

3

Question 24

The d-sub level has how many orbitals

Answer 24

5

Question 25

What is the overall charge of the nucleus

Answer 25

Positive

Question 26

What is the overall charge of an atom

Answer 26

Neutral

Question 27

What are protons

Answer 27

Protons have a positive charge and found in the nucleus

Question 28

What are neutrons

Answer 28

Neutrons have no charge and are found in the nucleus

Question 29

What are electrons

Answer 29

Electrons have a negative charge and are found in the world electron cloud

Question 30

What are the 3 subatomic particles

Answer 30

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 31

What is not an example of matter

Answer 31

Light

Question 32

Definition ionization energy

Answer 32

The energy needed to remove an electron

Question 33

Explain why the electronegativity changes when you move across the periodic table. >

Answer 33

It increases when you go across bc since you are gaining protons the pull on the nucleus will be greater. Therefore it will be easier to add electrons for it to become stable

Question 34

Definition atomic radius.

Answer 34

The distance from the nucleus to the valence electron

Question 35

Explain why the atomic radius changes when you go across the periodic table.

Answer 35

This is bc you are adding more protons when you move across therefore the pull on the nucleus is stronger making it closer to the nucleus

Question 36

Definition electronegativity

Answer 36

The tendency of an atom to gain an electron to become stable.

Question 37

Explain why the electronegativity changes when you go down the periodic table

Answer 37

The pull on the nucleus gets weaker and weaker as you go down further on the energy levels, therefore you are less likely to gain an electron because that bond is so weak since it is getting farther away from the nucleus

Question 38

Explain why the ionization energy changes when you go across the periodic table.

Answer 38

As you go across the protons are having a greater pull on the nucleus so it gets harder to remove an electron bc of this stronger pull

Question 39

As the atomic radius decreases, what happens to the ionization energy of those same elements?

Answer 39

The ionization energy increases.

Question 40

Ionic compounds are made up of:

Answer 40

Metals and nonmetals

Question 41

Covalent compounds are made up of:

Answer 41

Nonmetals and nonmetals

Question 42

Definition Polar Bond

Answer 42

They share electrons but not equally

Question 43

Definition nonpolar bond

Answer 43

They share electrons equally.

Question 44

Definition emulsifiers

Answer 44

Emulsifiers have both nonpolar and polar parts therefore they can dissolve almost anything

Question 45

4 properties of ionic compounds.

Answer 45

Hard, brittle Form crystals High melting and boiling point Conduct electricity when dissolved in water

Question 46

What happens to an atom when its outer energy level gets filled?

Answer 46

It becomes stable

Question 47

Explain how a covalent bond forms and what happens to the valence electrons?

Answer 47

Form by nonmetals and nonmetals and the VE are being shared

Question 48

Definition bond length

Answer 48

The distance between 2 nuclei

Question 49

Definition bond energy

Answer 49

The energy needed to break a bond

Question 50

Explain how bond energy and bond length are related.

Answer 50

They are related because the longer the bond length, the less bond energy. A triple bond is shorter therefore it requires lots of energy to break

Question 51

Explain how water dissolves ionic or polar covalent molecules.

Answer 51

Water is a slight positive and slight negative charge. Ionic and nonpolar has a charge. And the water is attracted to the molecules

Question 52

Explain how soap cleans oil.

Answer 52

Soap is an emulsifier. This means that it can dissolve almost anything in polar, ionic, and nonpolar.

Question 53

Definition emulsifier

Answer 53

Can dissolve almost anything with both polar and nonpolar parts

Question 54

What is the formula for an oxygen molecule?

Answer 54

O2

Question 55

Cation has a what type of charge?

Answer 55

Positive

Question 56

An anion has a what type of charge?

Answer 56

Negative

Question 57

Atoms form compounds so they can be...

Answer 57

More stable

Question 58

Ions tend to have the same electron configuration as noble gases

Answer 58

True

Question 59

Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons

Answer 59

True

Question 60

Ionic compounds have lower melting points.

Answer 60

False

Question 61

Nonpolar compounds are able to dissolve in liquid H2O

Answer 61

False

Question 62

How does ionic compounds use its valence electrons.

Answer 62

An ionic compound give and take electrons

Question 63

Which of the following is true when comparing two electrons which are in different shells of an atom

Answer 63

The electron in the higher numbered shell is further from the nucleus and is easier to remove

Question 64

The nucleons located in the nucleus of an atom are a combination of what?

Answer 64

Neutrons and protons

Question 65

The volume of space occupied by the electrons in comparison to the nucleus is?

Answer 65

About the same

Question 66

A compound is ?

Answer 66

A pure substance that is composer of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined.

Question 67

Definition heterogenous.

Answer 67

When you can see the different layers in a mixture.

Question 68

Definition Homogenous.

Answer 68

When you can see one solid layer ( 1 whole mixture)