Semantics & Pragmatics REAL B

Question 1

B: Max + Fred: points

Answer 1

casual relationship 3
closer bond 3
underscoring maxims 4

Question 2

B: Max + Fred: casual relationship 3

Answer 2

• Max’s reply - likely taken @ face value
• Simply lacks financial means to join Fred @ pub
• Adheres to maxim of Quantity (speaker provides enough info to convey intended meaning w/o unnecessary elaboration): Max addresses lack of funds w/o embelishment

Question 3

B: Max + Fred: Closer bond 3

Answer 3

• Max’s response could carry implicature
• Statement might imply subtle excuse or reluctance to accompany Fred, beyond merely citing the absence of money
• Implicature aligns w/ maxim of Relation (utterances should be relevant to ongoing situations): Max’s response, while directly addressing the financial aspect, also hints at potential underlying reason for denying invitation

Question 4

B: Max + Fred: underscoring maxims 4

Answer 4

• both interpretations underscore maxim in shaping conversational meaning
• Quantity = ensures Max’s response is neither verbose nor lacking in detail
• Relation = ensures his reply remains relevant to the invitation
• Implicature interpretation illustrates how shared contexts + relationship dynamics can imbue utterances w/ additional layers of meaning; extending beyond literal meaning