Semantics

Question 1

Semantics

Answer 1

the study of the relationship between words and how we draw meaning from those words

Question 2

Semantic theories

Answer 2

is a theory which assigns semantic contents to expressions of a language

Question 3

Compositional semantics

Answer 3

deals with how those lexical meanings combine to form more complex phrasal meanings

Question 4

Lexical semantics

Answer 4

the branch of linguistics which is concerned with the systematic study of word meanings

Question 5

Semantic features

Answer 5

An element of a word’s denotation or denotative meaning

Question 6

Semantic roles

Answer 6

attempt to capture similarities and differences in verb meaning that are reflected in argument expression

Question 7

Lexical relations

Answer 7

the connections established between one word and another

Question 8

How is language organized in order to be meaningful?

Answer 8

Five major components of the structure of language are phonemes, morphemes, lexemes, syntax, and context. These pieces all work together to create meaningful communication among individuals

Question 9

Referent

Answer 9

The entity identified by the use of a referring expression such as a noun or noun phrase

Question 10

Extension

Answer 10

refers to the set of all potential referents for a referring expression

Question 11

Prototype

Answer 11

A typical member of the extension of a referring expression

Question 12

Stereotype

Answer 12

A list of characteristics describing a prototype

Question 13

Coreference

Answer 13

Two linguistic expressions that refer to the same real-world entity are said to be coreferential

Question 14

Anaphora

Answer 14

A linguistic expression that refers to another linguistic expression is said to be anaphoric or an anaphor

Question 15

Deixis

Answer 15

A deictic expression has one meaning but can refer to different entities depending on
the speaker and his or her spatial and temporal orientation

Question 16

Grammar

Answer 16

generate novel words, phrases, and sentences – in fact an infinite number of them

Question 17

Synthetic sentences

Answer 17

one which is not analytic or contradictory, but which may be true or false depending on the way the world is

Question 18

Theme

Answer 18

The entity that directly receives the action of the verb

Question 19

Contradictory sentences

Answer 19

a sentence which is necessarily false, because of the senses of the words in the sentence

Question 20

Analytic sentences

Answer 20

one which is necessarily true, because of the senses of the words in it

Question 21

Collocation

Answer 21

Those words which tend to occur with other words

Question 22

Metonymy

Answer 22

This relationship is essentially based on a close connection in everyday experience

Question 23

Polysemy

Answer 23

It can be defined as one form (written or spoken) having multiple meanings which are all related by extension

Question 24

Homonymy

Answer 24

It is when one form (written or spoken) has two or more unrelated meanings, but have the same pronunciation and spelling

Question 25

Homography

Answer 25

When two or more forms are the same only in writing but different in pronunciation and meaning

Question 26

Homophony

Answer 26

When two or more differently written forms have the same pronunciation but different meaning

Question 27

Hyponymy

Answer 27

When the meaning of one form is included in the meaning of another

Question 28

Synonymy

Answer 28

Two or more forms with very closely related meanings, which are often, but not always,
intersubstitutable in sentences

Question 29

Antonymy

Answer 29

Two forms with opposite meanings

Question 30

Benefactive

Answer 30

The noun or noun phrase that refers to the person or animal who benefits, or is meant to benefit, from the action of the verb