Semantics

Question 1

semantics

Answer 1

the study of meaning in language

Question 2

metonymy

Answer 2

This relationship is essentially based on a close connection in everyday experience. It may be
container-content relation (can-juice); a whole-part relation (car-wheels); or a representative-symbol relation
(king-crown). Sometimes making sense of many expressions depends on contex

Question 3

speaker reference

Answer 3

what the speaker is referring to by using some linguistic expression

Question 4

linguistic reference

Answer 4

systematic denotation of some linguistic expression as a part of a language

Question 5

collocation

Answer 5

Those words which tend to occur with other words; e.g. hammer collocates with nail; wife with husband and knife with fork.

Question 6

extension

Answer 6

refers to the set of all potential referents for a referring expression

Question 7

prototype

Answer 7

A typical member of the extension of a referring expression is a prototype of that expression

Question 8

stereotype

Answer 8

A list of characteristics describing a prototype

Question 9

conference

Answer 9

Two linguistic expressions that refer to the same real-world entity are said to be coreferentia

Question 10

anaphora

Answer 10

A linguistic expression that refers to another linguistic expression

Question 11

deictic expression

Answer 11

has one meaning but can refer to different entities depending on
the speaker and his or her spatial and temporal orientation

Question 12

principle of compositionality

Answer 12

The semantic meaning of any unit of language is determined by the semantic
meanings of its parts along with the way they are put together

Question 13

denotative meaning

Answer 13

logical meaning

Question 14

connotative meaning

Answer 14

additional or associated meaning

Question 15

thematic meaning

Answer 15

lies in manner in which message is organized for emphasis

Question 16

theory of naming

Answer 16

maintains that language is a

communication system which works with two elements; the signifier, and the signified

Question 17

conceptual theory of meaning

Answer 17

words and things are related through the mediation of concepts of the mind

Question 18

behavioristic theory of meaning

Answer 18

description of a language is not complete

without some reference to the context of situation in which the language operated.

Question 19

agent

Answer 19

entity that performs the action

Question 20

theme

Answer 20

entity that is involved in or affected by the action

Question 21

instrument

Answer 21

if an agent uses another entity in performing an action, that other entity takes the role of instrument

Question 22

benefactive

Answer 22

The noun or noun phrase that refers to the person or animal who benefits, or is meant to benefit, from the action of the verb

Question 23

experiencer

Answer 23

When an NP designates an entity as the person who has a feeling, apperception or a state, it fills the role of experience

Question 24

gradable

Answer 24

words can be used in comparative constructions

Question 25

hyponymy

Answer 25

When the meaning of one form is included in the meaning of another

Question 26

prototype

Answer 26

It explains the meaning of certain words like bird not in terms of component feature (e.g. „has wings‟) but
in terms of resemblance to the clearest examplar

Question 27

homophony

Answer 27

When two or more differently written forms have the same pronunciation but different meaning; e.g.
sea-see.

Question 28

homography

Answer 28

When two or more forms are the same only in writing but different in pronunciation and meaning they
are described as homographs such as lead ([lid]) and lead ([led]).

Question 29

homonymy

Answer 29

It is when one form (written or spoken) has two or more unrelated meanings, but have the same
pronunciation and spelling; e.g. bank (of a river) and bank (financial institution).

Question 30

polysemy

Answer 30

defined as one form (written or spoken) having multiple meanings which are all related by
extension. e.g. head refers to top of your body, top of a glass of beer, top of a company