Morphology

Question 1

affix

Answer 1

an additional element placed at the beginning or end of a root, stem, or word, or in the body of a word, to modify its meaning

Question 2

affixation

Answer 2

process of adding a morpheme—or affix—to a word to create either a different form of that word or a new word with a different meaning

Question 3

agglutinating language

Answer 3

Words may contain different morphemes to determine their meanings, but all of these morphemes remain, in every aspect, unchanged after their unions

Question 4

allomorph

Answer 4

any of the versions of a morpheme, such as the plural endings s (as in bats ), z (as in bugs ), and iz (as in buses) for the plural morpheme

Question 5

alternation

Answer 5

the phenomenon of a morpheme exhibiting variation in its phonological realization

Question 6

ambiguity

Answer 6

multiple interpretations

Question 7

analytic language

Answer 7

language that primarily conveys relationships between words in sentences by way of helper words and word order, as opposed to utilizing inflections

Question 8

bound morpheme

Answer 8

morpheme that can appear only as part of a larger expression

Question 9

bound root

Answer 9

cannot occur as a separate word apart from any other morpheme

Question 10

closed lexical category

Answer 10

those belonging to the grammatical, or function, classes

Question 11

compounding

Answer 11

occurs when two or more words or signs are joined to make one longer word or sign

Question 12

conjunction

Answer 12

a word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause (e.g. and, but, if )

Question 13

content morpheme

Answer 13

a root that forms the semantic core of a major class word. Content morphemes have lexical denotations that are not dependent on the context or on other morphemes

Question 14

content word

Answer 14

words that name objects of reality and their qualities. They signify actual living things, family members, natural phenomena common actions, characteristics

Question 15

derivation

Answer 15

process of forming a new word from an existing word, often by adding a prefix or suffix, such as un- or -ness

Question 16

determiner

Answer 16

word, phrase, or affix that occurs together with a noun or noun phrase and serves to express the reference of that noun or noun phrase in the context

Question 17

form

Answer 17

a meaningful unit of speech (such as a morpheme, word, or sentence)

Question 18

free morpheme

Answer 18

can stand alone

Question 19

function morpheme

Answer 19

do not have clear meaning; but has grammatical functions (conjunctions, articles, prepositions)–he, she, we, but

Question 20

function word

Answer 20

words that have little lexical meaning or have ambiguous meaning and express grammatical relationships among other words within a sentence, or specify the attitude or mood of the speaker

Question 21

fusional language

Answer 21

one form of a morpheme can simultaneously encode several meanings

Question 22

hierarchical structure

Answer 22

organizational structure where every entity in the organization, except one, is subordinate to a single other entity

Question 23

homophony

Answer 23

set of words are pronounced identically, but have different meanings

Question 24

incorporation

Answer 24

the inclusion of something as part of a whole

Question 25

infix

Answer 25

affix inserted inside a word stem

Question 26

inflection

Answer 26

process of word formation, in which a word is modified to express different grammatical categories such as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, mood, animacy, and definiteness

Question 27

input

Answer 27

exposure learners have to authentic language in use

Question 28

lexical category

Answer 28

syntactic category for elements that are part of the lexicon of a language

Question 29

lexicon

Answer 29

the complete set of meaningful units in a language

Question 30

morpheme

Answer 30

smallest meaningful unit of language

Question 31

morphology

Answer 31

study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language

Question 32

open lexical category

Answer 32

category of contents of words–parts of speech

Question 33

output

Answer 33

when you speak a newer language and use what you learned to talk to someone else

Question 34

partial reduplication

Answer 34

morphological process in which the root or stem of a word or even the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change

Question 35

polysynthetic language

Answer 35

highly synthetic languages, i.e. languages in which words are composed of many morphemes

Question 36

prefix

Answer 36

an affix which is placed before the stem of a word

Question 37

preposition

Answer 37

a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause, as in “the man on the platform,” “she arrived after dinner,” “what did you do it for ?”

Question 38

productive

Answer 38

degree to which native speakers use a particular grammatical process, especially in word formation

Question 39

pronoun

Answer 39

word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase

Question 40

reduplication

Answer 40

morphological process in which the root or stem of a word or even the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change

Question 41

reduplicant

Answer 41

word resulting from reduplication process

Question 42

root

Answer 42

word that does not have a prefix in front of the word or a suffix at the end of the word

Question 43

simultaneous affix

Answer 43

An affix is articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a word’s stem; exists only in visual-gestural languages

Question 44

stem

Answer 44

part of a word used with slightly different meanings and would depend on the morphology of the language in question

Question 45

suffix

Answer 45

affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns or adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs

Question 46

suppletion

Answer 46

use of one word as the inflected form of another word when the two words are not cognate