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2nd Sem > semantics > Flashcards

semantics Flashcards

1
Q

pairs of words that have very close similarities in meaning as synonyms

A

synonymy

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2
Q

relationship of oppositeness

A

antonymy

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3
Q

two forms of antonymy

A

gradable & non-gradable

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4
Q

their exact opposite are the only options

A

complementary pairs

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5
Q

meaning of one form is included in the meaning of another

A

hyponymy

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6
Q

each two or more words having the same spelling or pronounciation but different meanings or origin

A

homonyms

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7
Q

coexistence of many possible meanings for a word or phrase

A

polysemy

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8
Q

theories of meaning

A

ideational, referential and usage

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9
Q

the meaning of the word is generated in the mind of the speaker or hearer

A

ideational

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10
Q

the words or expressions are just symbols

A

referential

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11
Q

the word or expressions is determined by the context of its use

A

usage

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12
Q

study of meaning of words and sentences of language

A

semantics

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13
Q

exchange or relay of information

A

communication

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14
Q

4 principle levels

A

sounds
words
meaning
sentences

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15
Q

linked to the earliest postulation about meaning

A

philosophy

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16
Q

very strong ally of semantics

A

logic

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17
Q

known to exhibit coherent & consistent models for evaluating thought

A

logical systems

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18
Q

Term Semantics was first used by

A

Breal/ Michel Jules Breal

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19
Q

Father of Modern Semantics

A

Breal/ Michel Jules Breal

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20
Q

First person to attempt studying Semantics

A

Alfred Korzybski

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21
Q

Thought of Reference

A

Philosophy
Sociology
Psychology
Anthropology

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22
Q

God-given word/language

A

Naturalist

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23
Q

creating language to communicate by Human

A

Nurturist

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24
Q

Chosen language

A

Greek

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25
Q

man’s creation for the convenience of communication

A

nurturist

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26
Q

4 Major Approaches

A

Traditional Semantics
Behavioral Semantics
Structural Semantics
Generative Semantics

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27
Q

great philosophers under traditional Semantics

A

Aristotle, Socrates, Plato

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28
Q

focus on the nature of human language itself

A

Traditional Semantics

29
Q

concerned with the relationship between form & meaning

A

Traditional Semantics

30
Q

according to them the meaning of a word is actually what it refers to

A

Carnap, Firth & Ayer

31
Q

They believe that image of a word takes shape in the speaker’s or hearer’s mind

A

Grice & Katz

32
Q

meaning of a word can be decoded from its shape or sound

A

Traditional Semantics

33
Q

Major Ideas of Traditional Semantics

A

reference
concepts
truth conditions

34
Q

Behavioral Semantics was influenced by

A

Bloomfield & Skinner

35
Q

It is either Idealism or Mentalism

A

Behavioral Semantics

36
Q

usually non-physical

A

Behavioral Semantics

37
Q

they don’t believe in such mentalistic contructs as mind , concept & ideas

A

Behaviorists

38
Q

nurture rather than nature

A

Behavioral Semantics

39
Q

Father of Structuralism

A

Ferdinand Saussure

40
Q

considers the structures & systems in language

A

Structural Semantics

41
Q

emphasis on the process of segmenting & classifying the features of utterances

A

Structural Semantics

42
Q

analysis of sense relations that connect words & meaning

A

Structural Semantics

43
Q

Father of Generative Grammar

A

Noam Chomsky

44
Q

knowledge of language is generated in the mind

A

Generative Semantics

45
Q

syntax was autonomous & independent of Semantics

A

Generative Semantics

46
Q

concerned with meaning & interpretation

A

Generative Semantics

47
Q

Case Theory by

A

Charles Fillmore

48
Q

he is concerned with “natural self” or “real self”

A

Plato

49
Q

he believes that reality is matter and not mind or spirit

A

Plato

50
Q

Concept behind or mental concept

A

Idealism

51
Q

He is a naturalist

A

Plato

52
Q

He is a conventionalist

A

Aristotle

53
Q

words & meaning do not necessarily have direct link

A

conventionalist

54
Q

meaning of a word derived from its usage

A

Contextualist

55
Q

He is a contextualist

A

J. Firth

56
Q

literal meaning of the word

A

Denotative or Conceptual

57
Q

Corresponds to the primary dictionary definition

A

denotative or conceptual

58
Q

deals with the core meaning of expression

A

denotative or conceptual

59
Q

embrace putative properties of a referent

A

connotative

60
Q

meaning suggests

A

connotative

61
Q

a word acquires in the company of certain words

A

collocative

62
Q

associations of words because of its usual or habitual co-occurence

A

Collocative

63
Q

conveyed by the piece of language about social context of its use

A

social meaning

64
Q

decoding of the text is dependent on our knowledge

A

social meaning

65
Q

related to the situation in which an utterance is used

A

social meaning

66
Q

refers to emotive association or effects of words evoked in the reader, listener

A

emotive or affective

67
Q

it is what is conveyed about the personal feelings or attitude towards the listener

A

affective or emotive

68
Q

concerned with the social circumstances of the use of a linguistic expression

A

social meaning

69
Q

origin & earlier meaning of words

A

etymology

2nd Sem (6 decks)

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