Semantics Flashcards
structural semantics
a purely language-internal approach to discover semantic properties of lexical units
Wir schauen uns das wort an und ignorieren alle anderen faktoren wie psychologie etc.
lexical field (word field)
lexical units that
- belong to the same word class
- share at least one specific semantic component
there are lexical units that don’t have hyperonyms (colorterms, black, white, green. Color would be a noun)
archillexeme (Hyperonym)
a lexical unit representing the semantic features common to all members of a word field
furniture: chair, wardrobe etc.
Überbegriff: Hyponymy (X is a kind of Y)
Hyponyms: Subordinates
Hyponyms
Subordinate of Hyperonym, co-hyponyms (eagle, hawk, owl
Meronymy
Meronyms are the part of a Holonym, co-meronyms (wheel, windscreen, rear-mirror: Car)
Überbegriff: Meronymy (X is a part of Y)
Homographs
written the same but different meanings
- record
- bow
- minute
Homophones
sound the same but different meaning
- you, ewe, yew
- right, write, rite
Puns
jokes based on homophones (Prince of Whales - Henry IV) or Homographs (What instruments do fish play - A bass Guitar)
Synonymy
mean the same thing
near synonyms (previous-former, quickly-steadily)
Antonymy
gradable antonyms (hot-cold, slow-fast)
Complemantaries (mortal-immortal, single-married)
Relational antonyms (buy-sell, teacher-student, parent-child)
linguistic sign
signifier: form, the actual written word
signified: meaning behind the written word
Characteristics of a linguistic sign
linearity
conventionality
arbitrariness
denotation
the relationship between a linguistic sign and its denotatum
denotatum
the set of objects, people etc. to which the word can be applied
referent
the member of the denotatum referred to
