Phonetics Flashcards
segmentation
Analysing stretches of sound and identifying recurrent elements
segmentation > phones
vowels vs. consonants
vowels: no obstruction
consonants: The air stream meets an obstacle
semi-vowels: [w], [j]
Describing speech sounds
pulmonic / non pulmonic
egressive / ingressive
voiceless / voice <-> fortis / lenis
oral / nasal / nasalised
bilabial
lips
[b], [p], [m], [w]
labio-dental
lower lip and upper teeth
[v], [f]
dental
tongue and upper teeth
[θ] [ð]
alveolar
tip and rims of the tongue
and
upper alveolar ridge and side teeth
[th] [t] [d] [s] [z] [n] [l]
post alveolar
tip, blade and rims of the tongue and rear part of upper alveolar ridge
[r]
palato alveolar
tip, blade, and rims of the tongue
and upper alveolar ridge and side
teeth
[ʃ] [ʒ] [tʃ] [dʒ]
velar
tongue and soft palate
[k] [g] [ŋ]
glottal
vocal cords
[h]
plosive / stop
articulary organs form abstruction; air stream is held up; sudden release of air
[ph] [p] [th] [t] [kh] [k] [ʔ] [b] [d] [g]
fricate
articulary organs brought so close togetherthat friction of air stream occurs
[f] [v] [θ] [ð] [s] [z] [ʃ] [ʒ] [h]
affricate
plosive with friction during release stage
[tʃ] [dʒ]
lateral
partial closure so that air stream
can escape on one or both sides
of obstruction
[l]
approximant
contraction of tongue; air stream
can escape without friction
[r] [w] [j]
nasal
air stream released through nose;
articulatory organs form obstruction
[n] [m] [ŋ]
describing consonants
place of articulation
manner of articulation
amount of energy (fortis lenis)
aspiration
describing vowels
place of highest point of the tounge
degree of lip rounding
length
pulmonic / non pulmonic
lungs are involved = pulmonic
egressive ingressive
air stream is pushed out or in
voiced vs voiceless
hand trick (vibration voiced)
voiced -> lenis
voiceless -> fortis
place of the highest point of the tongue
front / central / back
close / half closed ( half open / open
degree of lip rounding
rounded/ neutral / spread
further distinction of vowels
monothongs
diphthongs
triphthongs
suprasegmental elements
stress / prominance
pitch change
Intonation
Accent
Rhythm
