Sem 2: Quiz 1 Grammar PART 1 (Futato Ch 21) Participles Flashcards
What are Hebrew participles, and how can they function?
- verbal adjectives
- active ptc are often translated using “ing” to indicate an ongoing/continuous activity
- non-finite verbs - marked for gender and number, but NOT for person
- function attributively, predicatively, and substantively
- can also take pronoun suffixes, which are usually the object of the verb
What is true of the first vowel of a participle?
It will be either holem or holem-vav.
When translating Hebrew participles, what do we need to keep in mind?
- active ptc are often translated using “ing” to indicate an ongoing/continuous activity
- they do not indicate a tense, so context decides whether past, present, or future
What afformatives are associated with participles in the MS, MP, FS, FP?
When does the FS ptc have the qamets-he afformative (instead of the segol-tav)?
When dealing with the FS of a III-He, Hollow, or passive ptc.
What is true of a participle used attributively?
- Participle will come after the noun in the sentence
- will agree with the noun in #, gender, and definiteness
- in translation to English could be
* “[ptc]-ing [noun] - the ruling family
* “[noun] that/who [ptc]” - the family who rules
What is true of a participle used predicatively?
- Participle can be before/after the noun in the sentence (usually follows the noun)
- will agree with the noun in #, gender, BUT NOT necessarily in definiteness - predicative participles NEVER take the definite article
- in translation to English, usually would be either
* “[noun] [ptc] - the king asks
* “[noun] is/are [ptc]-ing” - the king is asking
What is true of a participle used substantively?
- Participle is used as a noun
- the number, gender, and definiteness tell how to translate it as a noun, but there is NO NOUN immediately preceeding/following that the ptc agrees with
- in translation to English, usually would be either
* “one(s) who [ptc] - the one who asks
* “[ptc]-er” - the asker
How can we determine if a participle is attributive, predicative, or substantive?
Attributive: ptc **agrees in #, gender, and definiteness **with neighboring noun and follows that noun.
Predicative: ptc must agree in # & gender, but ptc is always indefinite; it usually follows the noun
Substantive: ptc is by itself (no noun before/after - it functions as a noun)
Context required: if the ptc is after a verb and indefinite
Parse and translate:
this is a definite Qal MS ptc
(of a III-He weak verb)
“the one who sees” or “the seer”
What are the strong Qal verb vowel pointings of participles
in the MS, FS, MP, FP?
tsere often shortens to a sheva when ending is added
What are the significant irregular cases for the Qal active participle?
III-He
Hollow verbs
What are the III-He differences from the strong verb participles?
MS has segol, not tsere
FS has qamets-he ending, not segol-tav
MP/FP both drop III-He before adding appropriate plural ending
What are other valuable things to remember when participles contain gutterals?
- Gutterals prefer composite shevas, so a II-Gut will have khatef-patakh, never a sheva
- Gutterals prefer to end in a-sounds; ex: a final ayin appearing with the furtive patakh
- Alef’s can quiesce (vowel disappears), causing the previous sheva to lengthen to tsere:
Translate:
about to
(when this particle is used with a participle)
How does Hebrew express an action will take place soon (immanent future)?
It uses the particle “hinney”
Translate the following:
I am about to walk
Translate:
the king who is sitting
the sitting king
Translate:
the king is sitting
Translate:
the inhabitants of the city
Translate:
we are eating
Translate:
we are about to eat
Translate:
the slaves are building
Translate:
the slaves who are building
Translate:
the mother is weeping
Translate:
the mother is going out
Translate:
the judge of the wicked men
Translate:
obey
Translate:
I knew the men who were obeying the word of the Lord
