Sem 2 Exam - Global English Flashcards
Language Deterioration Example
Aus Indigenous Languages - 200-250 before colonisation to now only 13 spoken by over 500 people. Rwanda, Nigeria, Malawi
Rise of English
“Geographical and historical accident” - Britain industrial/imperialisation, American globalisation
English spoken by over 1 billion people
Not common first language, behind Spanish and Chinese, can be seen as seconds or third in Kachru’s circle
Effect on culture
Language loss is symbolic of cultural loss. History, survival stories, families
Benefits of language
Societal advancement, “English is the language of democracy and economics”, greatly facilitated innovation and cohesion in science, E.g. Nigerian-Chinese business conversation likely to take place in English. EDUCATION, TRAVEL, MEDIA, SAFETY
Lingua Franca
Language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different
Global English
Where English has been adapted for communications purposes
New Englishes
Regional and national variations of English where it is not native of the majority of the population
Inner circle - First or dominant language
Aus, Canada, Britain, Ireland, NZ, US
Expanding circle
English has no special recognised purpose/status but recognised as a lingua franca e.g Japan, Sweden, Indonesia
Outer Circle:
Post colonial countries where English is not native but used for admin, education, pop-culture e.g. India, Singapore, SA
Pidgin
Temporary
Creole
Permanent
