Sem 1 EXAM - 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary source

A

Diary entry, interview, speech

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2
Q

Secondary source

A

News paper, magazine, book, article

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3
Q

Millennium development goal 1

A

Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Target - half the proportion of people who’s income is less than $1 a day
Achieved by: increasing sustainable crop production, partnership w largest pipe manufacturer to bring safe water

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4
Q

Millennium development goal 2

A

Achieve universal primary education
Target - ensure all children are able to complete a full course of primary schooling, by 2015.
Achieved by: introducing school meal programs, connecting schools to wifi to gain access to info.improved maths skills through exercises on mobile devices

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5
Q

Millennium development goal 3

A

Promote gender equality and empower women
Target : eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education in all levels by 2015.
Achieved by - school lunches increased girl attendance, access to seperate toilets and sanitary items

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6
Q

Millennium development goal 4

A

Reduce child mortality
Target : reduce by two thirds, the under 5 mortality rat
Achieved by - built a hospital and dispensaries , supplied them with staff, medicines, water electricity etc. improved the overall standard of medical treatment through education from first world country doctors.

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7
Q

Millennium development goal 5

A

Improve maternal health
Target : achieve universal access to reproductive health.
Achieved by - access to HIV testing, contraceptives, new hospital was built with medial staff as well as the medical costs being covered by affordable health insurance

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8
Q

Millennium development goal 6

A

Combat HIV, AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Target : have halted by 2015, and began to reverse the spread of HIV, AIDS
achieved by- access to HIV testing as well as an increase in trained medical staff, from more knowledgeable health care professionals

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9
Q

Millennium development goal 7

A

Ensure environmental sustainability
Target : half by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water.
Achieved by - engaging in agroforestry, farmer training and construction to promote sustainability. More than 2 million tree seedlings were planted to help provide fuel wood and other benefits

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10
Q

Principals of community development - city of Joondalup

A

Sustainability- climate change strategy (aims to reduce green house gases) + fund the education recycling program
Diversity - kaleidoscope, culture and arts fund
Human rights - access and inclusion plan, have CCTV cameras and drinking fountains.
Addresses disadvantaged - homeless have access to public libraries where they can search up info about crisis accomodation etc
Valuing local knowledge and skill - kaleidoscope incorporates smoking ceremonies, live didgeridoo

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11
Q

Roles and responsibilities MANNA

A

Roles - collect food from cafes, hand out the food to homeless + tuitor disadvantaged kids and prepare school brekkies.
Responsibilities-
Safety - ensure food is safe to eat
Equity - don’t discriminate
Inclusion- seek out all who may benefit from the program

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12
Q

Government roles and responsibilities - MANNA

A

Roles - promote equity and equality through policies, provide funding and support for individuals to ensure they have housing etc.
Responsibilities- make sure manna meet safety and hygiene standards
Make sure manna use the money donated for what it is intended for

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13
Q

Factors that influence social cohesion - MDV

A

Employment - women were encouraged to make their own business in the community, mobile banks allowed this to borrow money to kick start the business.
Education - access to wifi and teacher training increased the standard, provided safe drinking water and food at school gave the kids an insensitive to attend.
Health care - opened 1 new medical facility, educated the staff, introduced visits to homes in remote areas and gave them bikes.
Social justice - provided sanitary items, seperate toilets, encouraged girls to get involved in jobs that were male dominated, addressed gender based violence

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14
Q

Relationship between social cohesion, social systems and a sustainable society

A

Social cohesion - willingness of members in society t love together in harmony and form prosperous relationships. There will not be a sustainable society without social cohesion, without this society would fall apart. Without social cohesion society would turn into a less prosperous, discriminatory society.
Social systems - an organisation of individuals into groups that have different functions. A social system may break down a larger population into families, age, religion etc. accepting these social systems, through social cohesion will ensure a sustainable society that is diverse and expressive.

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15
Q

Using a sustainable society/social system (PCC), explain how social cohesion indicators impact on its sustainability

A

Obey rules and regulations - late assessment policies, uniform policies, student attendance policies.
People helping each other - Service learning program, after school help.
Agreed goals - keep grounds clean, use recycling bins, everyone has to do religion at school.
Belonging - house factions bring a sense of community, musical cast, gardening club.

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16
Q

List the social, cultural, environmental, political and economic factors impacting in the growth and development in an overseas community (MALAWI)

A

Social - access to HIV testing, built medical clinics, improved education levels through Internet and technology, i proved quality of teaching through freezing hecs debts and waiving them.
Political - addressed the unfair treatment if girls by giving sanitary items and provided school lunches to empower them to become leaders.
Environmental- gave grants to foster and strengthen development in national Forrest programs, engaged in farmer training and agroforestry
Cultural - often called the warm heart of Africa, live in family huts and their positive attitude could be the reason for the communities improvement.
Economic - world bank committed 52.6 billion to promote economic growth and fight extreme poverty. Korean gov pledged 3 million in support of development.

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17
Q

5 capitals - school (service)

Human capital

A

Human - the good health and knowledge that allows people to live. - have teacher development courses to gain current info, provide a school nurse, school canteen, friendships formed

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18
Q
5 capitals (school) 
Natural capital
A

Access to key natural resources

  • recycling bins
  • maintenance men
  • school grounds oval provide environment to thrive physically
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19
Q

5 capitals

Social capital

A

Networks and relationships.

  • have academic, sporting awards to instil motivation.
  • colours and honours
  • Friday home rooms to bond
  • Prendiville time to bind
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20
Q

Manufactured capital

A

Physical infrastructure

  • provide maintenance in any run down facilities. Ie recently bathrooms. Built new class rooms at the front of the school.
  • buildings are constructed to house huge crowds.
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21
Q

Financial capital

A
  • have scholarships for people.
  • allow school fees to be paid over a longer period if needed.
  • take part in project compassion which receives donations from students and staff.
    Prendiville day fundraises money
22
Q

Triple bottom line - food bank

A

Economic - food donations, volunteer program (staff don’t get paid), fundraising committee (oversee development of fundraising goals)
Environmental- donates food instead of it being thrown out and becoming land fill, recycle waste through bins, educate staff to conserve energy by turning lights and appliances off.
Social - encourage good will -> happy environment.
Provide breakfast programs, educate parents about nutrition

23
Q

National Goal/trend + self management skills

A

Set goals : what do u want the environment to look like? And how can I achieve this?
Time management: to achieve the goals u need to set aside time to water veggies or set aside time to cook your meals from scratch.
Evaluation : is what I am doing benefiting the environment? Am I making a difference?

24
Q

Products design for individuals- reusable straw; ethical, technological and sustainable features.

A

Ethical - cotton storage bag is organically made, ensure workers were paid adequate, ensure workers were provided a safe workplace, product doesn’t exclude a group.
Technological - silicone material allows you to drink hot or cold liquids with out releasing carsinogens, material allows it to be reused, comes with a cleaning brush to ensure you don’t get sick from food that’s stuck.
Sustainable - silicone straw is reusable (u don’t throw it out after one use) and cotton bag the straw comes in is biodegradable

25
Q

Sustainable service (food bank) ethical , technological and sustainable features

A

Ethical - don’t discriminate against gender, religion etc.will help anyone. Ensure volunteers work in a safe environment l ensure the food is safe to eat.
Technological- have a website w info about volunteering, what their mission is and food trucks to transport the food.
Sustainable - turn off appliances, use recycling bins for any waste and have lots of volunteers to ensure the service continues for a long time

26
Q

National Trend

A

Reduce rubbish

  • eliminate plastic bags, purchase recyclable ones.
  • use biodegradable food packaging
  • participate in recycling programs
27
Q

Global trend

A

Reduce energy consumption

  • use alternative fuels
  • take public transport
  • support businesses that use alternative fuels
28
Q

Maslow hierarchy

A

Self actualisation - desire to fulfil potential
Esteem needs - accomplishment, praise.
Love and belonging needs - friendships, intimate relationships
Safety needs - financial security, safe neighbourhood.
Physiological needs - water, clean air, shelter, warmth.

29
Q

Bronfen Brenner’s environmental systems theory

A

Microsystem - immediate surroundings, friends, family
Mesosystem - connections between immediate environments eg school connects friends to family
Exosystem - external environment which indirectly effects development
Macrosystem -freedoms permitted by the government. Eg centre link maternity leave impact the microsystem.
Chronosystem- patterning of external life events over the course of life. Eg death of family member impacts the microsystem

30
Q

Bronfen Brenner strengths weaknesses

A

Strengths :
- shows how multiple influences impact the child.
Weakness : while it pinpoints involvement with different environments, it doesn’t provide reasons for behaviour

31
Q

Piaget - cognitive development stages

Stage 1

A

Sensory - motor : children go from being helpless, to making sense of the world.

  • stage of reflex activity : grasping, sucking
  • stage of primary circular reactions : infants behaviour leads to interesting result and is repeated.
  • stage of secondary circular reactions : repetition of simple actions
  • coordination of secondary circular reactions : combines actions to achieve desired affect
  • stage of tertiary circular reactions : begin to use trial and error
  • beginnings of symbolic representation: infant thinks about problem before acting
32
Q

Piaget - stage 2

A

Pre- operational (2-7)

  • preconceptual stage : egocentric
  • intuitive stage : don’t understand conservation
33
Q

Piaget stage 3

A

Concrete operational - think logically (7-11)
Decentering : less egocentric
Reversibility : objects can be changed back
Conservation: quantity is unrelated to appearance
Seriation : organisation of objects according to size
Classification : can name and identify objects

34
Q

Piaget stage 4

A

Formal operational (11+) : old a broad understanding of world.
Abstract concepts - develop abstract view.
Deductive logic - create rules to test things out.
Combinational logic - can think scientific

35
Q

Piaget- strengths/weaknesses

A

Strengths - improved understanding, huge impact on education - teachers teach at the level children are developmentally prepared.
Weaknesses - initially used his own three kids as sample, cannot be generalised, further children used were from highly educated socioeconomic professionals. Again, can’t be generalised.

36
Q

Vygotsky concepts

MKO

A

MKO- children learn with someone that has a Higher level than the individual. The MKO can guitar and pass on knowledge through modelling the behaviour.

37
Q

ZPD

A

Area between a child’s level of independent performance (what can be done alone) and the child’s level of assisted performance (what can be done with support of a MKO)

38
Q

Scaffolding

A

Explaining/demonstrating the task in steps. First by showing how to fill the bucket. Then Turing the bucket upside down to create a mould of sand.

39
Q

Vygotsky strengths/weaknesses

A

S :
- provided education with key concepts that need to be implemented into daily lessons.
- show educators that the child’s environment has an affect on the child’s learning ability.
W :
- descriptions of developmental processes are vague
- disregards role of the individual, regards the collective

40
Q

Erikson - psychosocial 8 stage theory

Stage 1

A

Trust vs mistrust
0-18 months
- child develops trust from caregiver if the caregiver responds

41
Q

Stage 2 Erikson

A

Autonomy vs shame and doubt
18months-3
Control over body functions leads to sense of control

42
Q

Erikson stage 3

A

Initiative vs guilt
3-5
Assert power through play

43
Q

Erikson stage 4

A

Industry vs inferiority
5-12
Those who receive encouragement develop self pride

44
Q

Erikson stage 5

A

Identity vs role confusion
12-18
Adolescents search for identity through exploration of beliefs

45
Q

Erikson stage 6

A

Intimacy vs isolation
18-40
Begin to share ourselves intimately with others, success can lead to happiness

46
Q

Erikson stage 7

A

Integrity vs despair
65+
Contemplate accomplishments and develop integrity. Can lead to wisdom

47
Q

Weaknesses of Erikson

A
  • in different cultures, timing can be off.
  • some say theory is more applicable to boys, more attention paid to infancy.
  • explains personality development, but not how it occurs.
48
Q

Piaget / Erikson differences

A
  • Erikson is 8 stage theory, Piaget is 4
  • Piaget focuses on younger children, erikson covers whole life
  • piaget’s focus for cognitive development was biological maturity, eriksons was social and cultural factors driving development.
  • Erikson believed u could revisit a stage, Piaget one had to be completed to progress
49
Q

Piaget / Erikson similarities

A
  • both agree personality develops over time
  • both agree children go through stages and milestones
  • both agree the social and environmental influences impact most on development.
50
Q

Piaget biological factors on growth and development

A

Biological - very set Ages, theory is based on white culture
- believes a person’s body makeup influences development. He also noticed the biological mother has the most impact on development.

51
Q

Piaget environmental factors on growth and development

A
  • the idea children learn best through trial and error and interacting with their external environment.
  • if a child grows up in an overly nurturing environment they will mature slower.
  • if a child is not ‘babied’ they will become independent quicker