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ANATOMY > sem 1 > Flashcards

sem 1 Flashcards

1
Q

movements in cervical region

A

flexion
extension
lateral flexion
rotation

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2
Q

movements in thoracic

A

rotation
flexion/extension
lateral flexion

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3
Q

movements in lumbar region

A

flexion
extension
rotation
lateral flexion

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4
Q

movements in lumbar region

A

flexion
extension
rotation
lateral flexion

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5
Q

main anterior spinal muscles

A

obliques
rectus abdominis
transverse abdominis

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6
Q

main posterior spinal muscles

A

erector spinae

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7
Q

vertebra prominens

A

C7

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8
Q

atlas

A

C1

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9
Q

axis

A

C2

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10
Q

spine of scapula

A

T3

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11
Q

inferior angle of scapula

A

T7

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12
Q

summit of iliac crest

A

L5

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13
Q

where is lumbar puncture performed, what does it sample

A

samples CSF between L3 and L4 or L4 and L5

performed here because spinal cord ends around L2 so done just below where it ends

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14
Q

which interspinous distance is greatest

A

lumbar

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15
Q

why is patient asked to flex spine when lumbar puncture being done

A

increase space between spinous processes

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16
Q

does spinal cord extend further in child or adult

A

child

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17
Q

two main parts of IV disc

A

nucleus palposus

annulus fibrosus

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18
Q

disc prolapse/herniated disc/slipped disc

A

when nucleus pulposus herniates and protrudes emerging nerve

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19
Q

what causes disc prolaps

A

most often degeneration

20
Q

filum terminale

A

attaches to dural sac inferiorly

serves as anchor for inferior ends of spinal cord and dural sac

21
Q

what makes up grey matter of spinal cord

A

neural cell bodies

22
Q

what makes up white matter of spinal cord

A

nerve axons and neuroglia

white colour given due to myelination of some nerve axons

23
Q

meninges

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

24
Q

primary function of meninges

A

protect and cushion CNS

25
Q

dural sac terminates where in an adult

A

caudally at S2

26
Q

conus medullaris

A

termination of adult spinal cord at L1-L2

27
Q

space between dura and arachnoid mater

A

subdural space

28
Q

space between arachnoid and pia mater

A

subarachnoid space contains CSF

29
Q

space between dura mater and vertebral bodies

A

epidural space

30
Q

arterial blood supply of spinal cord comes via

A

spinal arteries arising from aorta and its branches , which supply cord along its length

31
Q

vertebral venous plexus

A

drains both vertebrae and spinal cord

found in fatty tissue between dura and vertebra ie in epidural space

32
Q

spinal nerve

A

mixed carrying motor, sensory and autonomic signals between spinal cord and rest of body

33
Q

somatic fibres

A

supply voluntary muscles and body wall structures

34
Q

autonomic fibres

A

supply involuntary structures eg organs, involuntary muscles and glands

35
Q

where do sympathetic nerve fibres emerge from

A

lateral horn cells

36
Q

where are lateral horn cells located

A

T1-L2

37
Q

thoracic duct

A

commences at L1 as cysterna chyli
ascends on vertebral bodies between azygos vein and aorta on R side of posterior thoracic wall below T4
at T4 crosses VC to L side of thoracic bodies and drains into medial end of L subclavian vein

38
Q

what belong to axial skeleton

A

ribs
vertebrae
sacrum

39
Q

what belong to appendicular skeleton

A

clavicle
hip bone
tibia

40
Q

composition of bone : two densities and marrow

A

two densities = compact and spongy

marrow (medullary) cavity

41
Q

classification of bones

A 
long
short
flat
pneumatic
sesamoid
irregular
42
Q

function of sesamoid bone

A

protect tendons from excessive wear

43
Q

parts of long bone

A 
proximal epiphysis
metaphysis
diaphysis
metaphysis
distal epiphysis
44
Q

which osteogenic cells are found in periosteum

A

osteoblasts

45
Q

hyaline cartilage location

A

ribs
nose
trachea

46
Q

elastic cartilage location

A

external ear

epiglottis

47
Q

fibrous cartilage location

A

IV discs

certain ligaments

ANATOMY (13 decks)

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