Self-reports

Question 1

What are self reports?

Answer 1

Methods of gathering data where participants provide information about themselves

Question 2

Types of self report

Answer 2

-questionaires
-interviews

Question 3

Two examples of questionaire

Answer 3

-FMPS
-the homes and rahe stress scale

Question 4

What is a psychometric measure

Answer 4

Tests that have been assessed for validity and reliability

Question 5

Strengths of self reports

Answer 5

-good qualitative data
-can help explain reasons behind behaviour
-easy way to gather large amounts of data
-wide distribution
-ask hypothetical questions

Question 6

Limitations of self reports

Answer 6

-people might not have access to answer the question (memory)
-lots of prejudice and bias
-social desirability bias
-only useful if the p’s what to disclose info
-introspective reliablilty: understand their thoughts
-acquiescence bias: people just agree with positive questions
-subjective bias

Question 7

What are questionnaires

Answer 7

Written self report teqnique where participants are given a present number of questions to respond to. They can be administered in person, post, online or to a group at the same time

Question 8

How should the questions be designed

Answer 8

Progress logically from least to most sensitive and more general to more specific
The researcher needs to ensure that the questions dont affect eachother
cronbachs alpha - measure of internal consistency of items within a questionnaire

Question 9

What types of questions are there

Answer 9

-Likert scale: strongly agree,slightly agree,strongly disagree,slightly disagree
-rating scale- 1,2,3,4,5,
Closed questions- yes,no
-open questions: describe a memory from your childhood

Question 10

What are closed questions

Answer 10

When there is a certain amount of choices available to answer

Question 11

What type of data do closed questions collect

Answer 11

Quantitative

Question 12

Example of closed questions

Answer 12

Likert and rank scale

Question 13

What are open questions

Answer 13

Allow participants to give full detailed answer with no restriction to what they can say

Question 14

What type of data do open questions collect

Answer 14

Qualitative data

Question 15

What are standardised instructions

Answer 15

A set of written or recorded instructions that are given to ensure that all p’s receive them in the same way

Question 16

Why are standardised instructions used

Answer 16

To control and standardise the procedure to increase the reliability of the research

Question 17

What are filler questions

Answer 17

Questions there to disguise the aim of the study and reduce demand characteristics

Question 18

Strengths of questionnaires

Answer 18

-social desirability bias is reduced compared to interviews

Question 19

What are limitations of questionnaires

Answer 19

-may not reflect p’s opinion
-less rich data

Question 20

What is an interview

Answer 20

Involves the researcher asking the participants (usually 1-to-1) and recording their responses

Question 21

What are structured interviews

Answer 21

Predetermined amount of questions, essentially a questionnaire but face to face

Question 22

What are unstructured interviews

Answer 22

Has less structure may start with predetermined questions then new questions develop as the interview goes on

Question 23

What are semi-structured interviews

Answer 23

Mix of both structured and unstructured interviews

Question 24

What is an interview schedule

Answer 24

List of questions the researcher intends to cover

Question 25

What is an interview transcript

Answer 25

Everything the p’s said during the interview

Question 26

What are the strengths to structured interviews

Answer 26

-deeper understanding
-standardised- can be replicated
-consistent- reliability
-quick

Question 27

Limitations to structured interviews

Answer 27

-cannot deviate
-Quantitive data

Question 28

Strengths of unstructured interviews

Answer 28

-rich data
-flexibility

Question 29

Limitations of unstructured interviews

Answer 29

-qualitative data
-demonstrate social desirability bias
Demonstrate flexibility