Self-report techniques Flashcards
What are Self-report techniques?
Self-report techniques involve ppts giving information to the researcher of their own feelings, thoughts and behaviour. These can be questionnaires or interviews.
What are examples of good criteria for questionaries?
- Relevant questions
-Avoid use of jargon
-Avoid emotive language
-Avoid double-barrelled questions
-Respect confidentiality.
What are structured interviews and what type of data type is collected?
The questions are decided on in advance and they are asked in exactly the same order for each interviewers taking part. The interviewer uses an interview schedule and will often record the answers to each questions by taking notes/ticking boxes on their schedule.(Quantitative)
What are unstructured interviews and the type of data type that is collected?
-These are conducted more like a conversation, with the interviewers only facilitating the discussion rather than asking set questions. Very little is decided in (Qualitative).
What are semi-structed interviewers and the type of data type that is collected?
-Comprised of mostly prepared questions that can be supplemented with additional questions as seen fit by the interviewer at the time. The interviewer can deviate from the original questions.(Qualitative).
What is social desirability bias?
- Not being truthful to try to present yourself in a better light. An example of this is “ How often do you exercise?”.
What is Response Bias?
-Answering all questions in a similar way and not reading the questions properly. An example of this is circling good for all questions.
What is Acquiescence bias?
-A tendency to agree with things, meaning that the questionnaire is measuring a tendency to agree rather than what it is intending to measure.
What are some strengths of questionnaires?
-Anonymity( more likely to answer)
-Large scale(infinite amount of people at once-reliable method and is easily replicated).
Do not require an interview presence or skill(Unlike interviewers which are more time consuming and require a trained interviewer which costs a lot of money so therefore this saves a lot of money).
What is a strength of Interviews?
-Rapport( Allow trusting relationships-best method for studying sensitive topics for example, domestic abuse).
What are some weaknesses of interviews?
-Interviewer effects(Any hint by the interviewer could influence your answer. Such as facial expressions and tones of voice.
-Small scale(Only collect a few and therefore collecting less data means the data is less general).
What are the two types of questions?
-Open and closed
Open- Allow ppts to answer however they wish, and thus generate qualitative data since there is no fixed number of responses to select from.
Closed-Restrike ppts to a predetermined set of responses and generate quantitative data.(checklist, likely response scale and ranking scale)
What is a strength of using open questions?
-There is less chance of researcher bias.
-Rich in detail, so may give a more complete view of the researcher topic, as well as allowing ppts to expand on their answers, meaning the researcher can pick up on new interesting lines of enquiry.
What are some limitation of Open questions?
PPts may answer in a socially desirable way, where they portray themselves in the best light to the researcher. Therefore may lack validity as it is not their natural response.
What are some strengths of closed questions?
-The data they collect is quantitative which is easy to analyse. This is useful because direct comparisons can be made between groups of individuals. This means the researcher can look for patterns and trends in the data that can lead to further researcher being conducted.
What are some limitations of closed questions?
-By sticking to a predetermined list of questions, the researcher is unable to explore responses that are of particular interest.
-They produce a response bias. This can happen because the ppts doesn’t take the time to read all the questions properly and for example, selects ‘yes’ for each of their answers.(lack internal validity).
