Sampling Flashcards
What is sampling?
In a study, the population is the target group of people the researcher is studying(e.g. ‘males in their 20s’). The sample of the group of people selected to take part in the study, drawn from the target population.
What is random sampling?
Each member of the target population has an equal change of being selected. For example, using a random name or number generator, or picking names out of a hat.
What is systematic sampling?
A ppts is selected in a systematic way, for example, selecting every 10th person from the electoral roll. This is decided through a sampling frame, where a list of the target population is put in order.
What is stratified?
The make-up of the sample reflected the make-up of the target audience population. For example, if there are more female than male teacher, there should be more female ppts. if 60% of teachers are female, this means that in a sample of 20, there should be 12 female and 8 male teachers.( proportions)
What is opportunity sampling?
- ppts are selected from whoever is most easily available. For example, standing in the street one afternoon and approaching passers- by to see if they want to take part.
What is a volunteer?
ppts put themselves forward to take part in a study. For example, a newspaper or internet advert is placed asking for volunteers, and people respond agreeing to take part.
What is a weakness of all 5 sampling methods?
’ freak sample ‘which is were people that are all similar are selected accidentally.
How would a researcher conduct a study on Random sampling?
First collect the names of all the potential ppts. Next, put all the ppts names into a hat. Finally, pull the names out of the hat until the sampling frame is complete.
How would a researcher conduct a study on systematic sampling?
First, list every member of the population in an order (e.g. alphabetical). Next, assign every population member a number.
How would a researcher conduct a study on Stratified sampling?
First, identify sub-groups in their population. Next, calculate the required proportion from each sub group based on the proportion in the population. Next, select sample at random from each sub-group. Finally, use a random selection method e.g. pull the names out of a hat until the sample is complete.
How would a researcher conduct a study on Opportunity sampling?
First, stand in the street (or convenient place).Finally, when someone who ‘ fits the bill’ walks past ask them to participant in the study.
