self report: questionnaires + interviews, exp: lab + field Flashcards
Principles of questionnaire design
Fit for purpose, filler questions, sequence of q, standardised procedures, pilot studies, ethical issues
What’s an advantage/dis of open-ended questions?
Not limited, get to know WHY
it can be difficult to summarise descriptive responses for analysis and to find trends in data
Dis/Ad on close ended questions?
Objective easy to analyse,limit validity as answers only fall into one category, so may oversimplify human behaviour
Dis of Likert scales
low internal reliability-as often several items on the questionnaire may be measuring the same variable so split half method can be used
response bias may occur where ppts just put same response on one side of the scale to avoid this items must be mixed up so ppts will be using both ends of the scale
Adv of questionnaires
reliable, high validity as a researcher isn’t present so no pressure, quantitative data
Dis of questionnaires
closed q limit validity + socially desirable answers,+ not understanding q, the purpose is obvious so is demand characteristics,
Adv of interviews
structured interviews=quantitve data and easy-to-replicate,detailed data
Dis of interviews
Interviews are social interactions so socially acceptable answers may be given, interviewers gender,ethnicity, status and personality may affect it structured interviews held back by a predetermined set of q, cannot est cause and effect as noi way to control all variables that influence a ppt answer
Describe the process of thematic analysis
Familiarisation with data
drawing codes from the data,
searching for themes,
reviewing the themes,
defining and names themes,
writing up report
describe ‘familiarisation with data’
Read through the data corpus
If it is audio data, transcribe it
Note any initial analytical observations
describe ‘coding
Initial codes of labels using words or short phrases to identify important features of the data
It can be done manually or with a software program
Highlighting or post-it notes are a good way to indicate the origin of codes
Code as many potential themes as possible
All the data identified under the same code should be collated
describe ‘searching for themes’
Sort all the codes into broader patterns of meaning of themes
Mind maps and tables are a good way to sort the codes
Some codes may form main themes or sub-themes, or even get discarded
describe ‘reviewing themes’
Refining themes by combining or splitting or discarding on a mind map
The themes should have a relationship and form a coherent pattern, if it doesn’t then the issue may be with the theme itself or the arrangement of data
The themes should reflect the data corpus as a whole and the aim of the research
describe ‘defining themes’
Each theme should be have a concise name and definition to immediately identify the ‘essence’ of each theme
The researcher should conduct a detailed analysis on each theme (e.g. how the theme fits with the data as a whole)
An overall narrative of the data will be formed with a final thematic map
describe ‘finalising report’
Final analysis and writing the report
The audience must be considered to allow for coherent and appropriate language (e.g. writing for a scientific journal or a newspaper)
Evidence for each theme should be provided
