analysing quantitative data , inferential stats

Question 1

what is nominal data? (frequency data)

Answer 1

data organised in mutually exclusive categories with a measure of frequency eg when a researcher counts how many times an event occurs

Question 2

what is the ordinal level of measurement?

Answer 2

data ordered in some way to allow us to order by size with exact differences unknown eg happiness scale

Question 3

what interval level of measurement?

Answer 3

data is made up of units that have equal intervals- show how much difference is between the first and second scores eg thermometer

Question 4

how to write a statement of significance

Answer 4

‘the observed value of 35 was not equal to or less than the critical value of 25 when N was 15 at 5% level of significance for a two-tailed test. therefore, the null hypothesis was accepted which stated that..’

Question 5

what is type 1 error?

Answer 5

when we reject the null hypothesis when the results were actually due to chance (false positive)- happens more with 10% sig

Question 6

what is type 2 error?

Answer 6

when we don’t reject the null hypothesis when the results were due to chance (false neg) - happens more with 1% sig

Question 7

which 3 tests are used for a test of difference?

Answer 7

mann whitney u
wilcoxon
chi squared

Question 8

which test is used for a test of correlation?

Answer 8

chi square for nominal
spearmans rho- ordinal

Question 9

how is the data from Mann Whitney u ranked?

Answer 9

together
largest to smallest

Question 10

how is the data from spearmans rho ranked?

Answer 10

separate
smallest to largest

Question 11

which tests are used for independent groups/Unrelated data

Answer 11

nominal-chi square
ordinal mann-whitney U

Question 12

which test is used for repeated measures or matched pairs?

Answer 12

wilcoxon- ordinal

Question 13

which tests are used for ordinal data?

Answer 13

mann whitney u
wilcoxon
spearmans rho

Question 14

which test is used for nominal data?

Answer 14

chi squared

Question 15

when is a mann whitney u value significant?

Answer 15

equal or less than critical

Question 16

when is a wilcoxon value significant?

Answer 16

equal or less than critical

Question 17

when is a chi squared value significant?

Answer 17

equal or greater than critical

Question 18

when is a spearmans rho value significant?

Answer 18

greater than critical

Question 19

how are degrees of freedom calculated?

Answer 19

number of ppts - 1

Question 20

how is the expected value calculated in chi squared?

Answer 20

(row x column) / total

Question 21

test of difference
unrelated data as it’s independent measures
ordinal data

Answer 21

mann whitney u

Question 22

test of correlation
ordinal data

Answer 22

spearmans rho

Question 23

test of difference
independent group designs +unrelated
nominal

Answer 23

chi-square

Question 24

-related data as it’s repeated measures/macthed pairs
ordinal

Answer 24

wilcoxon