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Psychology > Self Report > Flashcards

Self Report Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two main self-report techniques?

A
  • Questionarres
  • Interviews
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2
Q

What are some features of a questionnaire?

A
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3
Q

What are some features of an interviews?

A
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4
Q

What is a person completing a questionnaire known as?

A

Respondent

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5
Q

What is a person being interviewed known as?

A

Interviewee

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6
Q

What is the main strength of self-report?

A

It can potentially enable the researcher to access people’s thoughts.

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7
Q

What is a closed question?

A

A form of fixed choice questions where the responding is given answers and they must choose the most appropriate answer for them.

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8
Q

What is an open question?

A

Ask a participant to respond to the set question but write on lines underneath in whatever style they choose. These questions are often used to assess a person’s emotions or the reason why they choose to do certain things.

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9
Q

What data can closed questions be easily turned into?

A

Quantitative data

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10
Q

What data can open questions be easily turned into?

A

Qualitative data.

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11
Q

What are the advantages of using closed questions?

A
  • Easier and quicker for the participant to respond.
  • The data collected is easy to compare and analyse.
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12
Q

What are the disadvantages of using closed questions?

A
  • Can force participants to select an option which isn’t true for them.
  • Lacks reasons for why they selected the option they did.
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13
Q

What are the advantages of using open questions?

A
  • Provides more rich detailed data.
  • Doesn’t force participants to give a particular response.
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14
Q

What are the disadvantages of using open questions?

A
  • Tine consuming for the participant to comp,eye and for the researcher to analyse the responses collected.
  • Responses may not be relevant to what the researcher was interested in.
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15
Q

What are rating scales?

A
  • Used if a researcher wants to investigate people’s attitudes towards something.
  • Involve the person competing it to make a mark at an appropriate point along a numerical dimension to indicate the direction and strength of their attitude.
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16
Q

What are the advantages of using rating scales?

A
  • It gives the researcher an idea of how strongly a participant feels about something (it is more detailed than a simple yes or no answer).
  • It still gives quantitative data that can be compared.
  • It is easily repeated.
17
Q

What are the disadvantages of using rating scales?

A
  • People might not be consistent in how they interpret the scale (low reliability).
  • Participants may just choose the middle option so they don’t look too extreme.
  • Rating scales still don’t give you an idea of why participants have chosen that option.
18
Q

What are Likert scales?

A
  • Used to measure attitudes to certain ideas.
  • They comprise of a number of statements for each of which participants indicate whether they strongly agree / agree / are undecided / disagree / strongly disagree.
  • If possible, statements are selected so that for half the statements ‘agree’ represents a positive attitude towards the attitude object and for the other half it represents a negative attitude. This control got standard response set.
19
Q

What is standard response set?

A

The tendency to give the same answer in response to all the different statements.

20
Q

How many intervals should you include in a Likert scale?

A

An odd number (5 or 7) so that participants can choose ‘undecided’ if they truly have no view on the matter.

21
Q

What are semantic differentials?

A
  • Another type if rating scale.
  • Make use of polar opposite terms and respondents indicate where they would place their feelings in relation to the topic in question.
  • Whilst a series of spaces are required, no numbers are attached.
22
Q

What are the three types of interviews?

A
  • Structured
  • Semi-structured
  • Unstructured
23
Q

What is a structured interview?

A
  • The interviewer asks the same question to each participant in the same order.
  • Closed questions are often used, with the interviewee picking the answer that is closest it their own view.
24
Q

What are the strengths of a structured interview?

A
  • Using the same questions means the interview is standardised and replicable as it can be repeated in the same way for each participant.
  • Responses from each participant can be easily compared.
25
Q

What are the weaknesses of a structured interview?

A
  • The interviewer cannot ask any additional questions. This may prevent them from seeking further clarification on a point or not following up on an interesting point.
26
Q

What is a semi-structured interview?

A
  • The interviewer will have a set of pre-prepared questions to ask and is expected to ask all of them.
  • Other questions will be developed during the interview in response to answers given by the interviewee.
27
Q

What are the strengths of a semi-structured interview?

A
  • Allows the interviewer to use additional questions to seek clarification on a response or to explore and interesting comment made during one of the set questions.
28
Q

What are the weaknesses of a semi-structured interview?

A
  • Although there is some flexibility the interview is still likely to be constrained around the pre-determined questions that are written.
  • Any additional questions not decided beforehand may vary from participant to participant - making it difficult to compare.
29
Q

What is an unstructured interview?

A
  • The researcher has topics to discuss but these don’t have to be in the same order for each participant.
  • The interview is more like a conversation, with further questions being developed in response to the interviewee’s answers.
30
Q

What are the strengths of an unstructured interview?

A
  • The interview allows for information to be gathered that might not be revealed from pre-determined questions.
  • It allows the interviewer to have the freedom to ask on the spot questions which could be relevant.
31
Q

What are the weaknesses of an unstructured interview?

A
  • Difficult to compare responses from the different participants as they may be asked very different questions from each other.
32
Q

What are general advantages of questionarres?

A
  • Can answer them more anonymously so more likely to get responses to embarrassing questions.
  • Quicker to complete for participants (usually involve more closed questions).
  • Can collect a large amount of data by sending out to participants.
  • Participants can take more time to consider responses.
33
Q

What are general disadvantages of questionarres?

A
  • People may not return questionnaires leading to a low response rate.
  • People may misunderstand the questions or interpret them differently to how you intended (making results invalid).
34
Q

What are general advantages of interviews?

A
  • Can ask follow up questions based on responses given.
  • Can get more detailed answers than questionnaires provide.
  • You can build a rapport with interviewees and read their body language.
35
Q

What are general disadvantages of interviews?

A
  • May not get full answers to questions.
  • Can be more time consuming to complete.
  • More difficult to analyse if open questions are used.

Psychology (4 decks)

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