Self Report Flashcards

1
Q

features of questionnaires

A

written method of gaining data
don’t always need researcher present
participant = respondent

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2
Q

features of interviews

A

participant = interviewee
verbal method of gaining data
can be structured/semi-structured/unstructured

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3
Q

Open questions

A

leaves blank under question so can answer in their own way
produce qualitative data

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4
Q

closer questions

A

have to choose most appropriate answer for them
can be turned to quantitative data

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5
Q

advantages of closed questions

A

easy to analyse
quick to complete

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6
Q

disadvantages of closed questions

A

cant gain understanding
limits peoples responses
options may be open to interpretation
standard response set

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7
Q

advantages of open questions

A

can gain understanding
can answer honestly
increased ecological validity

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8
Q

disadvantages of open questions

A

hard to analyse
hard to compare
time consuming
may have irrelevant data
researcher bias

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9
Q

What do rating scales relate to

A

attitudes/emotions/feelings

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10
Q

What do rating scales involve

A

making a mark at an appropriate point on a numerical dimension to indicate direction and strength of their attitude

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11
Q

advantages of rating scales

A

can be easily converted to quantitative data
simple to analyse and compare
more detail than yes/no

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12
Q

disadvantages of rating scales

A

different interpretations of terms
set no of options
standard response set
doesn’t tell you why

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13
Q

example of a rating scale

A

how much do you like dogs?
1(really dislike) 2(dislike) 3(like) 4(really like)

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14
Q

Features of likert scale

A

Give a statement and then options of if they strongly agree/agree/ undecided/ disagree/ strongly disagree

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15
Q

what are semantic differentials

A

attitude object given and have to indicate between 2 opposite adjectives where they place their feelings

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16
Q

strengths of unstructured interviews

A

high ecological validity
high construct validity (answers more honest if comfortable)
lots of data

17
Q

weaknesses of unstructured interviews

A

might miss key info
might have irrelevant info
hard to compare
low internal reliability

18
Q

strengths of semi structured interviews

A

more trustworthy
high ecological validity
some data easy to comoare

19
Q

weaknesses of semi structured interviews

A

reliability not as high
harder to compare

20
Q

strengths of structured interviews

A

easy to compare
get all info needed
standardised

21
Q

weaknesses of structured interviews

A

low rapport
low ecological validity
restrictive

22
Q

advantages of questionnaires

A

can remain anonymous
quick and easy
can get lots of responses

23
Q

disadvantages of questionnaires

A

hard to gain lots of info/detail
lacks ecological validity
may lie- low validity

24
Q

advantages of interviews

A

can gain deep info/understanding
can get to know person
read body language/tone of voice
qualitative and quantitative

25
disadvantages of interviews
not ethical to ask personal questions time consuming confidentiality lacks ecological validity
26
how to avoid lying (leading questions)
ask neutral questions
27
how to avoid socially desirable answers
keep it anonymous
28
why not ask forced choice questions
answers may not represent true feelings
29
why ask smokescreen questions
so they don’t find out real aim - demand characteristics
30
how to avoid standard response set
use open questions or make some positive and some negative
31
nominal data
headcount of categories
32
ordinal data
data can be put in ranked order
33
interval/ratio
ordinal data that takes into account spread between results
34
what’s an unstructured interview
contains topic area but no fixed questions
35
what’s structured interviews
fixed questions